Origin/Causes of cancer

Question 1

Generally considered to _______ from a _______, genetically _______ cell (initiation)

Answer 1

originate
single
altered

Question 2

Factors causing initiation:

Answer 2

Radiation
Oncogenic viruses
Physical and chemical carcinogens 
Diet, GI, breast CA
Hormones
Genetic predisposition
Immunological factors

Question 3

Radiation:

Answer 3

UV, X-ray, Gamma

Question 4

Oncogenic viruses:

Answer 4

Tumor-producing: Epstein-Barr virus (mononucleosis) linked to lymphomas, Herpes simplex linked to cancer of nasopharynx and cervix

Question 5

Physical and chemical carcinogens:

Answer 5

Asbestos
Vinyl chloride
Aromatic hydrocarbons and benzopyrene
Alkylating agents
Tabacco

Question 6

Asbestos

Answer 6

(6th naturally occurring silicate minerals) mesothelioma of lung or peritoneum

Question 7

Vinyl chloride

Answer 7

(Industrial chemical used to make PVC) angiosarcoma of liver (chronic inhalation or oral exposure

Question 8

Aromatic hydrocarbons and benzopyrene

Answer 8

(From polluted air-one of the MOST WIDE spread organic pollutants: formed from the incomplete combustion of carbon- containing fuels)- lung cancer

Question 9

Alkylating agents

Answer 9

( Capable of replacing a free hydrogen atom in an organic compound- (interferes with cell division of reacting with DNA)- leukemia

Question 10

Tabacco:

Answer 10

Lung oral cavity and upper airways, esophagus, pancreas, kidneys, bladder

Question 11

Diet- GI, breast CA

Answer 11

High protein- high fat
Additives: food coloring, high fructose corn syrup, aspartame, MSG, sodium benzoate, and trans fat (many studies, all controversial)

Question 12

Hormones:

Answer 12

Still controversial ( DES: Diethylstilbestrol-synthetic estrogen, estrogen)

Question 13

Genetic predisposition:

Answer 13

Family

Question 14

Immunologic factors:

Answer 14

Theory that CA cells developing constantly but recognized by immune system and destroyed (immune-surveillance) so disruption in immune system= cancer