organs, parts of the brain, definitions, functions Flashcards
wzgórze
thalamus- relays sensory information
podwzgóze
hypothalamus - mainains the body in balanced condition, controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, anger
opuszka węchowa
olfactory bulbs - responsible for the sense of smell
móżdżek
cerebellum - coordinates body’s movement, posture, balance
śródmózgowie
midbrain - responsible for regulation of vision and hearing
most (część pnia mózgu)
pons - regulates sleep-wake cycles
rdzeń przedłużony
medulla oblongata - regulates basic body functions, including heart rate, blood pressure and respiration
części pnia mózgu
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
szyszynka
pineal gland - control the circadian cycle of sleep and wakefulness by secreting melatonin
półkula
(left/right) cerebral hemisphere
ciało modzelowate/spoidło wielkie
corpus callosum - connects the two cerebral hemispeheres
ciało migdałowate
amygdala - agression and fear (armagedon, final battle, battle - agression and fear); overall emotions
obszar asocjacyjny kory mózgowej
frontal association areas - impulse control (student losing patience, crowding to the front of the line, he lost impulse control)
lewa półkula
left hemisphere - handles language
prawa półkula
right hemisphere - controls creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills
hipokamp
hippocampus - memories
płat skroniowy
temporal lobe - hearing
płat ciemieniowy
parietal lobe - sense of touch (parents is touching baby)
obszar Broki
Broca’s area - directs muscles for speech production (breaking a doll, it won’t talk)
kora mózgu
cerebral cortex - judgment (cereal court, judge, cereal)
płat czołowy
frontal lobe - voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions
płat potyliczny
occipital lobe - visuospatial processing, distance and depth perception, color determination, object and face recognition, and memory formation
komórki w mózgu
glial cells (komórki glejowe) - supporting cells, ptovide neurons with nutrients, protection, physical support
nerve cells/neurons (komórki nerwowe) - most important cells, connected by synapses to thousand of other neurons forming neural network, neurons transmit information to the rest of body through lectrical and chemical signals and relate information back to specific areas of the brain ad process it into an appropriate response
synapsa
synapse - connects sensory organs, like those that detect pain or touch, in the peripheral nervous system to the brain. Synapses connect neurons in the brain to neurons in the rest of the body and from those neurons to the muscles
kresomózgowie
cerebrum - controls higher mental functions
kora wzrokowa
visual cortex - to receive, segment, and integrate visual information
przysadka mózgowa
pituitary gland - growth hormone — which regulates growth
części układu limbicznego
thalamus, hupothalamus, pituitary gland and amygdala
tarczyca
thyroid - plays a major role in the metabolism, growth and development of the human body
przytarczyny
parathyroid glands - to make the parathyroid hormone (PTH)?????????
trzustka
pancreas - sends out hormones that control the amount of sugar in your bloodstream
thum
grasica
thymus - plays a key role in immunity by producing white blood cells known as T cells. It also contributes to the production of hormones such as insulin
układ endokrynny (?) - funkcja
regulating body by releasing hormones
neuromodulatory
neuromodulators - groups of neurotransmitters
neurotransmitery
neurotransmitters - chemicals that transmit signals from neurons to other cells
tyłomózgowie
hindbrain - where spinal cord rises to meet the brain
structures of hindbrain
medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular activating system MP CR ‘michu powiesz co robisz?’
przodomózgowie
forebrain - forward-most part of the brain
stuctures of forebrain
thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebrum (verebral cortex, corpus callosum)
hormon
hormone - substance secreted by an endocrine system; regulates various body functions - homeostasis, growth, metabolism, some behaviours
imagining techniques
CT (CAT), MRI, fMRI - show structures of the brain;
EEG, MEG, PET, fMRI - indicate brain functioning
osłonka mielinowa
myelin sheath - allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells
okres refrakcji?
refcractory period - period of inactivity after a neuron has fired
interneurons
carry sensory information and regulate motor activity
motor neurons
allows for both voluntary and involuntary movements through the innervation of effector muscles and glands
sensory neurons
activated by sensory input from the environment
obszar Wernickiego
Wernicke’s area - associated with language comprehension
lezja
lesion - a region in an organ or tissue which has suffered damage through injury or disease, such as a wound, ulcer, abscess, or tumour
