Organs of the GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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2
Q

What are the six parts of large intestine?

A

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

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3
Q

What planes is the esophagus in?

A

T10-T11

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4
Q

What plane is the stomach in?

A

T11

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5
Q

What plane is the pylorus in?

A

L1

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6
Q

What ligament attaches the esophagus to the diaphragm?

A

phrenico-esophageal ligament

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7
Q

What are the 3 esophageal constrictions?

A

cervical, thoracic, diaphragmatic

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8
Q

What is the esophageal hiatus?

A

its an opening in the diaphragm through which esophagus and vagus nerve pass

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9
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

A

when abdominal structures enter the thorax

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10
Q

What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

A

When the fundus protrudes into the thorax; normal GEJ

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11
Q

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

GEJ displaced superiorly; cardia protrudes; hourglass stomach

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12
Q

What are the four regions of the stomach?

A

Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric antrum

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13
Q

What does the stomach relate with anteriorly?

A

diaphragm, left lobe of liver, anterior abdominal wall

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14
Q

What does the stomach relate with infero-laterally

A

transverse colon

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15
Q

What does the stomach relate to posteriorly?

A
diaphragm, 
spleen, 
left upper kidney and suprarenal gland 
pancreas
omental bursa
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16
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the stomach?

A

gastrohepatic ligament connects less curvature to the liver (gastric vessels)

Gastrocolic ligament connects greater curvature to transverse colon (gastroepiploic vessels, greater omentum)

17
Q

Where do gastric ulcers happen? Where do duodenal ulcers happen?

A

stomach; pylorus or duodenum

18
Q

What are the complications of a gastric ulcer?

A

lesser curvature ulcer can cause hemorrhage from left gastric a.

19
Q

What are the complications of a duodenal ulcer?

A

hemorrhage from gastroduodenal a. for posterior ulcers in 1st part of duodenum

ulcer in 1st part of duodenum can also cause adhesions with Gb, liver

anterior ulcer can perforate into peritoneal space

pancreas may be affected

20
Q

What is a vagotomy? What are the different sites of surgical section of nerve?

A

surgical treatment for GERD;

truncal, selective gastric, selective proximal vagotomy

21
Q

What is the ligament associated with the duodenum? What does it do?

A

the ligament of treitz; suspends duodenum to esophagus

22
Q

Where are the follow organs located in regards to the duodenum?

  • gallbladder
  • pylorus
  • Transverse colon
  • right kidney
  • Jejunum
A
  • anteriorly
  • medially
  • anteriorly
  • posteriorly
  • anterosuperiorly
23
Q

Which quadrant is most of the jejunum located? Ileum?

A

Left upper quadrant; Right lower quadrant

24
Q

What is the difference between the jejunum and ileum in reference to the:

  • vasa recta
  • arcades
  • circular folds
  • lymphoid nodules
A
  • jejunum has long vasa recta, a few large loops of arcades, large, tall, and closely packed circular folds and few lymph nodules
  • ileum has short vasa recta, many short loops, low and sparse circular folds and many lymph nodules
25
Q

What is a Meckel diverticulum? What is the rule of 2s?

A

it is a persistent viteline/omphalomesenteric duct and it can contain ectopic gastric or pancreatic. It is the most common pathological lead for intussusception

  • its 2x more likely in male
  • 2 inches long
  • 2 feet from the ileocecal valve
  • 2% of the population
  • common in first two years of life
  • 2 types of epithelia may be present
26
Q

What is intussusception? Where is it more common?

A

telescoping of a proximal bowel segment into the distal segment; at the ileocecal junction

27
Q

What is the plane of the ileocecal junction?

A

L5 - transtubercular

28
Q

What is the plane of the lower edge of ascending colon?

A

S2 - interspinous