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GI 1v > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior and inferior boundary of the abdomen?

A

Superior - diaphragm/4th intercostal space

Inferior - pelvic girdle

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2
Q

What are the two horizontal planes and two vertical planes that divide the abdomen into 9 regions?

A

Horizontal - transpyloric and interspinous

Vertical - midclavicular lines

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3
Q

Where is the transpyloric plane located?

A

Tip of the 9th rib and projects back onto L1

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4
Q

What does the subcostal plane project back onto?

A

L3

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5
Q

Supracrystal plane projects posteriorly to where?

A

L4

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6
Q

Where does the transtubercular plane project posteriorly to?

A

L5

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7
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall?

A 
Skin 
Camper’s fascia 
Scarpa’s fascia 
External oblique m
Internal oblique m
Transverus abdominus m 
Transversalis fascia 
Extraperitoneal fat 
Parietal peritoneum
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8
Q

As the scarpas fascia reaches the region of the scrotum, what does it become?

A

Dartos fascia

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9
Q

As the dartos fascia reaches the peritoneal region, what does it become?

A

Collies fascia

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10
Q

What is the first layer of muscle? Which direction do the fibers run?

A

External oblique m, inferomedially

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11
Q

What is the second layer of muscle? Which direction do the fibers run?

A

Internal oblique, superomedially

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12
Q

What is the third layer of muscles? Which direction do the fibers run?

A

Transversus abdominus, horizontally

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13
Q

What is the anterior most layer of muscles?

A

Rectus abdominus

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14
Q

What does the external oblique aponeurosis form?

A

Inguinal ligament and linea alba

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15
Q

What does the internal oblique aponeurosis become?

A

Linea alba

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16
Q

What does the pyramidalis do?

A

Pulls on the linea alba; absent in many people

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17
Q

What are the general functions of the abdominal muscles?

A

Inhalation, expiration, flexion, rotation, compression, sidebending, creating internal abdominal pressure

18
Q

What forms the posterior and anterior rectus sheath?

A

The three muscle layers

19
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

The transition where the organization of the rectus sheath changes

20
Q

Below the arcuate line, how is the rectus sheath organized?

A

Anterior: external and internal oblique and transversus abdominus

Posterior: transversalis fascia

21
Q

Above the arcuate line, how is the rectus sheath organized?

A

Anterior: external and internal oblique

Posterior: internal oblique, transversus abdominus, transversalis fascia

22
Q

Where is the arcuate line located?

A

A third of the way between the umbilicus and pubic tubercle

23
Q

Where does the neurovasculature travel between?

A

The internal oblique and transversus abdominus

24
Q

What are the spinal nerve roots of the thoracoabdominal nerves?

A

T7-T11

25
Q

What is the spinal level of subcostal nerve?

A

T12

26
Q

What is the umbilicus innervated by?

A

T10

27
Q

What are the major blood supplies of the anterior abdomen?

A

Internal thoracic a

Musculophrenic a

Superior epigastric a

10th posterior intercostal a

11th posterior intercostal a

Subcostal a

Inferior epigastric a

28
Q

What does the superior epigastric a anastomose with?

A

Inferior epigastric a

29
Q

What is the risk of the subcostal incision?

A

Nerve supply - There is a risk to cut the nerves between internal oblique and transversus abdominus

Blood supply - superior epigastric could be cut

30
Q

What is the risk to the suprapubic incision?

A

Muscle: not bad

Nerve supply: watch for L1

Blood supply: inferior epigastric

31
Q

What is the risk of the paramedian incision?

A

Muscle tension: pull of muscles in this area

Nerve supply: thoraco-abdominal nerves T7-T11

Blood supply: posterior intercostal and subcostal aa.

32
Q

What is the risk of the midline incision?

A

Nerve supply: none

Muscles: pull of muscles

Blood supply: not a lot of supply

33
Q

Where would an infection travel through the lymph?

A

Above transumbilical plane - it would travel to the axillary lymph nodes

Below it would travel to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes

34
Q

What is the drainage of nodes in deep lymphatics?

A

External node to common iliac node to lumbar node

35
Q

What is the drainage of the superficial lymphatics?

A

Axillary lymph node to parasternal lymph node to superficial inguinal nodes

36
Q

What is the median umbilical fold a remnant of?

A

The uracus (used to be allantois)

37
Q

What was the medial umbilical fold?

A

Obliterated umbilical arteries

38
Q

What does the lateral umbilical fold do?

A

Goes over the inferior epigastric vessels

39
Q

What is the significance of the medial inguinal fossa?

A

Its where you see direct inguinal hernias

40
Q

What is the significance of the lateral inguinal fossa?

A

Indirect inguinal hernias

GI 1v (8 decks)

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