Organization of the upper limb Flashcards
What allows for flexibility of upper limb
singular osseous articulation of scapula to thorax via clavicle
What allows for the ROM of upper limb
synovial joints
What movements does the ball and socket shoulder joint allow
reaching above head or swinging, Also pulling/pushing objects in all planes
What do hinge joints of arm allow us to do
bring objects closer to face
What to pivot joints of arm do
radius with ulna allows pronation and supination
What gives us greater flexibility during grasping and support for pushing-off objects
the multiple bones in wrist and hand
Distribution of superficial fascia in upper limb
Campers and Scarpas, same as rest of body
What boney processes does deep fascia attach to
acromion, clavicle, supracondylar lines, humeral epicondyles, olecranon process, interosseous crests of radius and ulna, posterior shaft of ulna, distal radius and ulna, tuberosities of the carpal bones, distal portions of all proximal phalanges
What type of names is deep fascia given
regional like brachial, ante brachial, thenar and hypothenar
deep fascia in arm is from continuation of what mm
trapezius, scapular mm, latissimus dorsi and pectoral mm
what division does deep fascia in arm form
intermuscular septae to compartmentalize the arm and forearm into flexor and extensor compartments
What zones does deep fascia form in upper limb
transitional zones between regional subdivisions of upper limb: axilla, cubital fossa, carpal tunnel, palmar spaces.
What shape is the axilla space, and boundaries
tetrahedral
body wall, pectoral and scapular musculature, humerus and axillary fascia
What is ofund in axilla
vessels, nerves and lymphatics to and from neck and upper limb
What shape is the cubital fossa and its boundaries
triangular shape
arm and forearm musculature covered by deep fascia
What is located in cubital fossa
bifurcation of the brachial a into radial and ulnar aa, the tendon of biceps and the median n
What forms carpal tunnel
carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum
what is in carpal tunnel
median n and the tendons of mm of the forearm which act on the fingers
What supplies upper limb mainly
one main artery- subclavian
Where does subclavian change names
as it passes through regions like axilla- axillary and brachial
Where do aa of upper limb travel through
deep fascia parallel to the bones
Why are there anastomoses of aa at the joints
so areas that get cut off during flexion or other movements have an alternate route.
How are deep vv named in arm
for the arteries they travel with- so therefore for the bones the aa parallel
how are vv found in distal arm
in pairs, located along lateral and medial sides of artery
how are superficial vv named
specific like cephalic or basilic
Where do superficial vv join deep vv
as they course centrally
T or false that vv in upper limb are unidirectional? and why or why not?
true, due to lack of pressure
How many sets of lymph are their in arm? where are they
superficial set in skin and deeper set draining mm and joints that parallel aa
Where do deep and superficial lymph meet
at nodes in the axilla
Where do the axillary nodes dump into
on the left- thoracic duct
on the right- right lymphatic duct
jugulo-venous angles
What innervates upper limb (motor)
ventral rami of spinal nn C5-T1
What type of branches of brachial plexus inn mm intrinsic to arm
5 terminal branches
What provides sensory innervation to arm
cervical plexus, brachial plexus, and intercostal nerves. C4-T3
Which way is sensory distributed and motor?
sensory- radially
motor- longitudinally
When and which way does motor inn grow
after limb formed- grows into limb from above downward
why is it important to note the differences of dermatomes and myotomes clinically
diagnosing spinal cord level injuries- paralysis and paresthesias.
