Organization of the upper limb

Question 1

What allows for flexibility of upper limb

Answer 1

singular osseous articulation of scapula to thorax via clavicle

Question 2

What allows for the ROM of upper limb

Answer 2

synovial joints

Question 3

What movements does the ball and socket shoulder joint allow

Answer 3

reaching above head or swinging, Also pulling/pushing objects in all planes

Question 4

What do hinge joints of arm allow us to do

Answer 4

bring objects closer to face

Question 5

What to pivot joints of arm do

Answer 5

radius with ulna allows pronation and supination

Question 6

What gives us greater flexibility during grasping and support for pushing-off objects

Answer 6

the multiple bones in wrist and hand

Question 7

Distribution of superficial fascia in upper limb

Answer 7

Campers and Scarpas, same as rest of body

Question 8

What boney processes does deep fascia attach to

Answer 8

acromion, clavicle, supracondylar lines, humeral epicondyles, olecranon process, interosseous crests of radius and ulna, posterior shaft of ulna, distal radius and ulna, tuberosities of the carpal bones, distal portions of all proximal phalanges

Question 9

What type of names is deep fascia given

Answer 9

regional like brachial, ante brachial, thenar and hypothenar

Question 10

deep fascia in arm is from continuation of what mm

Answer 10

trapezius, scapular mm, latissimus dorsi and pectoral mm

Question 11

what division does deep fascia in arm form

Answer 11

intermuscular septae to compartmentalize the arm and forearm into flexor and extensor compartments

Question 12

What zones does deep fascia form in upper limb

Answer 12

transitional zones between regional subdivisions of upper limb: axilla, cubital fossa, carpal tunnel, palmar spaces.

Question 13

What shape is the axilla space, and boundaries

Answer 13

tetrahedral

body wall, pectoral and scapular musculature, humerus and axillary fascia

Question 14

What is ofund in axilla

Answer 14

vessels, nerves and lymphatics to and from neck and upper limb

Question 15

What shape is the cubital fossa and its boundaries

Answer 15

triangular shape

arm and forearm musculature covered by deep fascia

Question 16

What is located in cubital fossa

Answer 16

bifurcation of the brachial a into radial and ulnar aa, the tendon of biceps and the median n

Question 17

What forms carpal tunnel

Answer 17

carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum

Question 18

what is in carpal tunnel

Answer 18

median n and the tendons of mm of the forearm which act on the fingers

Question 19

What supplies upper limb mainly

Answer 19

one main artery- subclavian

Question 20

Where does subclavian change names

Answer 20

as it passes through regions like axilla- axillary and brachial

Question 21

Where do aa of upper limb travel through

Answer 21

deep fascia parallel to the bones

Question 22

Why are there anastomoses of aa at the joints

Answer 22

so areas that get cut off during flexion or other movements have an alternate route.

Question 23

How are deep vv named in arm

Answer 23

for the arteries they travel with- so therefore for the bones the aa parallel

Question 24

how are vv found in distal arm

Answer 24

in pairs, located along lateral and medial sides of artery

Question 25

how are superficial vv named

Answer 25

specific like cephalic or basilic

Question 26

Where do superficial vv join deep vv

Answer 26

as they course centrally

Question 27

T or false that vv in upper limb are unidirectional? and why or why not?

Answer 27

true, due to lack of pressure

Question 28

How many sets of lymph are their in arm? where are they

Answer 28

superficial set in skin and deeper set draining mm and joints that parallel aa

Question 29

Where do deep and superficial lymph meet

Answer 29

at nodes in the axilla

Question 30

Where do the axillary nodes dump into

Answer 30

on the left- thoracic duct
on the right- right lymphatic duct
jugulo-venous angles

Question 31

What innervates upper limb (motor)

Answer 31

ventral rami of spinal nn C5-T1

Question 32

What type of branches of brachial plexus inn mm intrinsic to arm

Answer 32

5 terminal branches

Question 33

What provides sensory innervation to arm

Answer 33

cervical plexus, brachial plexus, and intercostal nerves. C4-T3

Question 34

Which way is sensory distributed and motor?

Answer 34

sensory- radially

motor- longitudinally

Question 35

When and which way does motor inn grow

Answer 35

after limb formed- grows into limb from above downward

Question 36

why is it important to note the differences of dermatomes and myotomes clinically

Answer 36

diagnosing spinal cord level injuries- paralysis and paresthesias.