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MSK Exam II > Forearm > Flashcards

Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

In general where do forearm flexors attach

A

medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon. “flexor epicondyle”

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2
Q

What are the layers of the forearm flexor compartment

A

superficial, intermediate and deep

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3
Q

what motions do the forearm flexors do

A

flex digits, flex abduct and adduct hand at the wrist

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4
Q

Are all forearm flexors innervated by same nerve

A

all but 1.5

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5
Q

origin and insertion of pronator teres

A

origin: humeral head- medial epicondyle by common flexor tendon
insertion: lateral surface, middle portion of shaft of radius

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6
Q

What is the action of pronator teres

A

pronates and slightly flexes forearm

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7
Q

what innervates pronator teres

A

median n

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8
Q

origin and insertion flexor carpi radialis

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus by common flexor tendon
insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

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9
Q

action of flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes and wrist and abducts hand

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10
Q

what innervates flexor carpi radialis

A

median n

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11
Q

origin and insertion palmaris longus

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus by common flexor tendon
insertion: palmar aponeurosis

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12
Q

what is the action of palmaris longus

A

flexes at wrist

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13
Q

what innervates palmaris longus

A

median n

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14
Q

origin of the heads of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

humeral head- medial epicondyle of humerus

ulnar head- medial border of olecranon process and proximal dorsal surface of ulna

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15
Q

Insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

pisiform, hamulus of hammate, base of 5th metacarpal

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16
Q

what are the actions of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexes wrist and adducts hand

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17
Q

innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

ulnar n

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18
Q

what is the specialized deep fascial around carpal bones

A

flexor retinaculum

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19
Q

what canal does the flexor retinaculum form and what is in it?

A

carpal tunnel- which has the tendons of intermed and deep mm and median n

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20
Q

what are the origins of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

humeroulnar head- medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
radial head- proximal 1/2 anterior border of radius

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21
Q

insertions of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

palmar aspect of middle phalanges digits 2-5

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22
Q

what are the actions of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexes proximal IP join and flex MP as well, wrist and forearm

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23
Q

what innervates flexor digitorum superficialis

A

median n

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24
Q

origin and insertion of flexor digitiorum profundus

A

origin: proximal 2/3 medial anterior surface of ulna and adjacent interosseous membrane
insertion: palmar surface of distal phalanges, digits 2-5

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25
Q

action of flexor digitorum profundus

A

flexes distal IP joints, assists in flexion of proximal IP, MP and wrist joint

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26
Q

innervation to flexor digitorum profundus

A

lateral portion: digits 2&3 median N

medial portion: digits 4&5 ulnar n

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27
Q

origin and insertion of flexor pollicis longus

A

origin: ulna, anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseus membrane
insertion: palmar surface, base of distal phalanx of thumb

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28
Q

what is the action of flexor pollicis longus

A

flexes thumb

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29
Q

what innervates flexor pollicis longus

A

median n

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30
Q

origin and insertion of pronator quadratus

A

origin: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
insertion: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius

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31
Q

what is the action of pronator quadratus

A

pronates hand

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32
Q

what is the innervation of pronator quadratus

A

median n

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33
Q

what is the general proximal attachment of the forearm extensors

A

lateral epicondyles

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34
Q

how many layers is the extensor compartment organized into

A

superficial and deep

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35
Q

what action do the forearm extensors have on thumb

A

extension and abduction

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36
Q

do the extensors assist in supination of hand

A

yes

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37
Q

What innervates all the forearm extensors

A

radial nerve

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38
Q

what does the brachioradialis function as in the forearm

A

lateral boundary between flexor and extensor compartments

39
Q

origin and insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
insertion: dorsal surface base of 2nd metacarpal

40
Q

what is the action of extensor carpi radials longus

A

extends and abducts hand

41
Q

origin and insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: dorsal surface base of 3rd metacarpal

42
Q

what is the action of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

extends and assists in abduction of the hand

43
Q

origin and insertion of extensor digitorum

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: dorsal surface of middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

44
Q

what is the action of extensor digitorum

A

extend digits 2-5 and assists in extension of hand

45
Q

what unite the tendons of extensor digitorum as they cross dorsum of hand

A

intertendinous connections

46
Q

how is the distal attachment of extensor digitorum different than others

A

extensor expansion over dorsum of proximal, middle and distal phalanges. attachment for lumbricals and interossei

47
Q

origin and insertion of extensor digiti minimi

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus in common with extensor digitorum
insertion: dorsal surface, proximal phalanx of 5th digit

48
Q

what is the action of extensor digit minimi

A

extension of 5th digit

49
Q

origin and insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
insertion: base of 5th metacarpal

50
Q

what is the action of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extends and adducts hand

51
Q

mm in deep layer of extensor compartment

A

abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollici brevis and extensor pollicis longus. extensor indicis and supinator

52
Q

origin and insertion of abductor pollicis longus

A

origin: middle 3rd posterior surface ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
insertion: dorsolateral surface, base of 1st metacarpal

53
Q

what is the action of abductor pollicis longus

A

abducts thumb and wrist, assists with extension of thumb

54
Q

origin and insertion of extensor pollicis brevis

A

origin: distal 3rd posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
insertion: dorsal surface base of proximal phalanx of thumb

55
Q

action of extensor pollicis brevis

A

extens proximal phalanx of thumb and first metacarpal

56
Q

origin and insertion of extensor pollicis longus

A

origin: middle 3rd posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
insertion: dorsal surface base of distal phalanx of thumb

57
Q

action of extensor pollicis longus

A

extends thumb IP and MP joint

58
Q

what tendons form boundaries for anatomical snuff box

A

extensor pollicis brevis and longs, and abductor pollicis longus

59
Q

what crosses anatomical snuff box superficially and deep

A

superficial- superfical branch of radial nerve

deep- radial artery and scaphoid

60
Q

origin and insertion of extensor indicis

A

origin: distal 3rd posterior surface of ulna and interosseou membrane
insertion: dorsum, base of distal phalanx of 2nd digit with extensor expansion

61
Q

what is the action of extensor indicis

A

extends index finger

62
Q

all fore arm extensors are in extensor retinaculum except what

A

supinator

63
Q

origin and insertion of supinator

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral lig of elbow joint, annular log of radial head, supinator fossa of ulna and associated crest
insertion: lateral and anterior surface of proximal third of radius

64
Q

action of supinator

A

supinates hand

65
Q

which epicondyle of the humerus is larger

A

medial because have more flexors and they attach here

66
Q

origin of muscles of pronation and supination. insertion?

A

ulna- origin

radius- insertion

67
Q

what is the sesamoid bone in wrist

A

pisiform, sits in flexor carpi ulnaris

68
Q

where does the flexor retinaculum attach

A

hook of ham mate, tubercle trapezium

pisiform and hook on scaphoid

69
Q

what lays in first layer of flexors of forearm

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

70
Q

what mm are in 2nd layer of flexors of forearm

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

71
Q

what mm are in 3rd layer of flexors of forearm

A

flexor digitorum profundus, plexor pollicis longus

72
Q

what mm are in the 4th layer of flexors of forearm

A

pronator quadratus

73
Q

which layer of the forearm flexors has all mm attaching to medial epicondyle of humerus

A

first layer

74
Q

which layer of the forearm flexors has its insertions on the distal ends of phalanges

A

third layer (flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus)

75
Q

What mm are in the superficial layer of the forearm extensors

A

brachioradialis, extensor digitoru,, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi radialis longus, brevis and extensor carpi ulnaris

76
Q

what mm are in the deep layer of the forearm extensors

A

extensor indicis, extensor pollicis longus and brevis, abductor pollicis longus, supinator, anconeus

77
Q

What are the two branches of the brachial a

A

radial and ulnar

78
Q

where does the radial a exit cubital fossa

A

deep to brachioradialis and superficial to the pronator teres

79
Q

what structure does the radial a run with in the forearm

A

superficial branch of radial n

80
Q

where is the termination of radial a

A

lateral dorsum of hand

81
Q

What are the branches of the radial a

A

radial recurrent, muscular branches, palmar carpal and superficial palmar

82
Q

what does radial recurrent anastomose with

A

radial collateral branch of deep brachial a

83
Q

what does the palmar carpal branch of radial a anastomose with

A

palmar carpal branch of ulnar a and termination of anterior interosseous a to form palmar carpal network

84
Q

Where is the superficial palmar branch of radial a

A

forms the superficial palmar arterial arch

85
Q

where does the ulnar a exit cubital fossa

A

deep to pronator teres and next to median nerve

86
Q

In the distal forearm what structure does the ulnar artery run with

A

ulnar nerve

87
Q

does the ulnar a run in carpal tunnel

A

no over it and lateral to pisiform so it can form superficial palmar arterial arch

88
Q

what are the branches of ulnar a

A

anterior ulnar recurrent, posterior ulnar recurrent, common interosseus (ant and post), muscular branches, palmar carpal branch, dorsal carpal branch and deep palmar branch

89
Q

What are the branches of Median N

A

articular branch to elbow
muscular bracnhes to all mm in anterior forearm excep flexor carpi ulnaris
and to palmar cutaneous branch(proximal to retinaculum)

90
Q

What innervates flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus

A

anterior interosseous nerve of median n

91
Q

What are the branches of Ulnar N

A

articular branches to elbow joint
mm branches to flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar portion of flexor digitorum profundus
cutaneous branches to the hand which arise in the forearm

92
Q

What are the branches of Radial N

A

superficial and deep

93
Q

what is another name for deep radial nerve

A

posterior interosseous nerve

MSK Exam II (10 decks)

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