Forearm Flashcards
In general where do forearm flexors attach
medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon. “flexor epicondyle”
What are the layers of the forearm flexor compartment
superficial, intermediate and deep
what motions do the forearm flexors do
flex digits, flex abduct and adduct hand at the wrist
Are all forearm flexors innervated by same nerve
all but 1.5
origin and insertion of pronator teres
origin: humeral head- medial epicondyle by common flexor tendon
insertion: lateral surface, middle portion of shaft of radius
What is the action of pronator teres
pronates and slightly flexes forearm
what innervates pronator teres
median n
origin and insertion flexor carpi radialis
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus by common flexor tendon
insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
action of flexor carpi radialis
flexes and wrist and abducts hand
what innervates flexor carpi radialis
median n
origin and insertion palmaris longus
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus by common flexor tendon
insertion: palmar aponeurosis
what is the action of palmaris longus
flexes at wrist
what innervates palmaris longus
median n
origin of the heads of flexor carpi ulnaris
humeral head- medial epicondyle of humerus
ulnar head- medial border of olecranon process and proximal dorsal surface of ulna
Insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris
pisiform, hamulus of hammate, base of 5th metacarpal
what are the actions of flexor carpi ulnaris
flexes wrist and adducts hand
innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar n
what is the specialized deep fascial around carpal bones
flexor retinaculum
what canal does the flexor retinaculum form and what is in it?
carpal tunnel- which has the tendons of intermed and deep mm and median n
what are the origins of flexor digitorum superficialis
humeroulnar head- medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
radial head- proximal 1/2 anterior border of radius
insertions of flexor digitorum superficialis
palmar aspect of middle phalanges digits 2-5
what are the actions of flexor digitorum superficialis
flexes proximal IP join and flex MP as well, wrist and forearm
what innervates flexor digitorum superficialis
median n
origin and insertion of flexor digitiorum profundus
origin: proximal 2/3 medial anterior surface of ulna and adjacent interosseous membrane
insertion: palmar surface of distal phalanges, digits 2-5
action of flexor digitorum profundus
flexes distal IP joints, assists in flexion of proximal IP, MP and wrist joint
innervation to flexor digitorum profundus
lateral portion: digits 2&3 median N
medial portion: digits 4&5 ulnar n
origin and insertion of flexor pollicis longus
origin: ulna, anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseus membrane
insertion: palmar surface, base of distal phalanx of thumb
what is the action of flexor pollicis longus
flexes thumb
what innervates flexor pollicis longus
median n
origin and insertion of pronator quadratus
origin: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
insertion: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius
what is the action of pronator quadratus
pronates hand
what is the innervation of pronator quadratus
median n
what is the general proximal attachment of the forearm extensors
lateral epicondyles
how many layers is the extensor compartment organized into
superficial and deep
what action do the forearm extensors have on thumb
extension and abduction
do the extensors assist in supination of hand
yes
What innervates all the forearm extensors
radial nerve
what does the brachioradialis function as in the forearm
lateral boundary between flexor and extensor compartments
origin and insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus
origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
insertion: dorsal surface base of 2nd metacarpal
what is the action of extensor carpi radials longus
extends and abducts hand
origin and insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: dorsal surface base of 3rd metacarpal
what is the action of extensor carpi radialis brevis
extends and assists in abduction of the hand
origin and insertion of extensor digitorum
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: dorsal surface of middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
what is the action of extensor digitorum
extend digits 2-5 and assists in extension of hand
what unite the tendons of extensor digitorum as they cross dorsum of hand
intertendinous connections
how is the distal attachment of extensor digitorum different than others
extensor expansion over dorsum of proximal, middle and distal phalanges. attachment for lumbricals and interossei
origin and insertion of extensor digiti minimi
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus in common with extensor digitorum
insertion: dorsal surface, proximal phalanx of 5th digit
what is the action of extensor digit minimi
extension of 5th digit
origin and insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
insertion: base of 5th metacarpal
what is the action of extensor carpi ulnaris
extends and adducts hand
mm in deep layer of extensor compartment
abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollici brevis and extensor pollicis longus. extensor indicis and supinator
origin and insertion of abductor pollicis longus
origin: middle 3rd posterior surface ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
insertion: dorsolateral surface, base of 1st metacarpal
what is the action of abductor pollicis longus
abducts thumb and wrist, assists with extension of thumb
origin and insertion of extensor pollicis brevis
origin: distal 3rd posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
insertion: dorsal surface base of proximal phalanx of thumb
action of extensor pollicis brevis
extens proximal phalanx of thumb and first metacarpal
origin and insertion of extensor pollicis longus
origin: middle 3rd posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
insertion: dorsal surface base of distal phalanx of thumb
action of extensor pollicis longus
extends thumb IP and MP joint
what tendons form boundaries for anatomical snuff box
extensor pollicis brevis and longs, and abductor pollicis longus
what crosses anatomical snuff box superficially and deep
superficial- superfical branch of radial nerve
deep- radial artery and scaphoid
origin and insertion of extensor indicis
origin: distal 3rd posterior surface of ulna and interosseou membrane
insertion: dorsum, base of distal phalanx of 2nd digit with extensor expansion
what is the action of extensor indicis
extends index finger
all fore arm extensors are in extensor retinaculum except what
supinator
origin and insertion of supinator
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral lig of elbow joint, annular log of radial head, supinator fossa of ulna and associated crest
insertion: lateral and anterior surface of proximal third of radius
action of supinator
supinates hand
which epicondyle of the humerus is larger
medial because have more flexors and they attach here
origin of muscles of pronation and supination. insertion?
ulna- origin
radius- insertion
what is the sesamoid bone in wrist
pisiform, sits in flexor carpi ulnaris
where does the flexor retinaculum attach
hook of ham mate, tubercle trapezium
pisiform and hook on scaphoid
what lays in first layer of flexors of forearm
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
what mm are in 2nd layer of flexors of forearm
flexor digitorum superficialis
what mm are in 3rd layer of flexors of forearm
flexor digitorum profundus, plexor pollicis longus
what mm are in the 4th layer of flexors of forearm
pronator quadratus
which layer of the forearm flexors has all mm attaching to medial epicondyle of humerus
first layer
which layer of the forearm flexors has its insertions on the distal ends of phalanges
third layer (flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus)
What mm are in the superficial layer of the forearm extensors
brachioradialis, extensor digitoru,, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi radialis longus, brevis and extensor carpi ulnaris
what mm are in the deep layer of the forearm extensors
extensor indicis, extensor pollicis longus and brevis, abductor pollicis longus, supinator, anconeus
What are the two branches of the brachial a
radial and ulnar
where does the radial a exit cubital fossa
deep to brachioradialis and superficial to the pronator teres
what structure does the radial a run with in the forearm
superficial branch of radial n
where is the termination of radial a
lateral dorsum of hand
What are the branches of the radial a
radial recurrent, muscular branches, palmar carpal and superficial palmar
what does radial recurrent anastomose with
radial collateral branch of deep brachial a
what does the palmar carpal branch of radial a anastomose with
palmar carpal branch of ulnar a and termination of anterior interosseous a to form palmar carpal network
Where is the superficial palmar branch of radial a
forms the superficial palmar arterial arch
where does the ulnar a exit cubital fossa
deep to pronator teres and next to median nerve
In the distal forearm what structure does the ulnar artery run with
ulnar nerve
does the ulnar a run in carpal tunnel
no over it and lateral to pisiform so it can form superficial palmar arterial arch
what are the branches of ulnar a
anterior ulnar recurrent, posterior ulnar recurrent, common interosseus (ant and post), muscular branches, palmar carpal branch, dorsal carpal branch and deep palmar branch
What are the branches of Median N
articular branch to elbow
muscular bracnhes to all mm in anterior forearm excep flexor carpi ulnaris
and to palmar cutaneous branch(proximal to retinaculum)
What innervates flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus
anterior interosseous nerve of median n
What are the branches of Ulnar N
articular branches to elbow joint
mm branches to flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar portion of flexor digitorum profundus
cutaneous branches to the hand which arise in the forearm
What are the branches of Radial N
superficial and deep
what is another name for deep radial nerve
posterior interosseous nerve