Organization of the lower limb Flashcards
What is the main reason for the increased stability of the hip joint
deeper socket, acetabulum
What motions does the hip joint limit
extension and ABduction
which structural component of lower limb does not contribute to the stability
fibula, mainly for attachments
What type of joint does the ankle provide
hinge
What are the layers of superficial fascia in the lower limb
Fatty layer and membranous layer
What are the names of the deep fascia in lower limb
fascia lata, gluteal aponeurosis, crural fascia, plantar and dorsal fascia of the foot
What is the gluteal aponeurosis
forms an incomplete inter muscular septum between the gluteus maximus and medius
inferiorly from posterior portion of iliac crest
what is fascia cribrosa
found below the saphenous vein opening and vein itself
Where is the crural fascia found
extension of fascia lata below the knee
What are the intermuscular septae in thigh
medial and lateral
what are the intermuscular septae in the leg
anterior and posterior
transverse (superficial and deep posterior compartments)
What are the components of the retinacula
superior and inferior extensor
superior and inferior fibular
flexor retinaculum
what is the fascia of the dorsum of the foot continuous with
the extensor retinacula
describe plantar fascia
continuous with the fascia from dorsum and also has a thick central part known as planta aponeurosis
What is the general function of mm in the anterior femoral compartment
flex thigh and or extend leg
What are the borders of the femoral triangle
inguinal lig, sartorius, ADductor longus mm
what is found in femoral triangle
femoral vein, artery, nerve and deep inguinal lig
What are the general functions of mm in the medial femoral compartment
Flex, ADduct and rotate the thigh
What is the ADductor canal
connects femoral triangle with popliteal fossa
borders of ADductor canal
adduclor mm, vastus medialis and the sartorius
what is found in the ADductor canal
femoral a, v, saphenous n, and nerve to vastus medialis
How many compartments are in gluteal area
superficial and deep
What are the general functions of mm in the superficial gluteal region
ABducts, flexes and medially rotates, extends and laterally rotates thigh
What are the general functions of mm in the deep gluteal region
ABduct and laterally rotate the thigh
What aa and nn suply gluteal region
superior and inferior gluteals
what passes between superficial and deep gluteal regions
sciatic n
what are the general functions of mm in the posterior femoral compartment
flex the leg and extend thigh
what provides inn to all mm in the posterior femoral compartment
sciatic
What surrounds the popliteal fossa
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius
what is contained in the popliteal fossa
popliteal aa and popliteal v, bifurcation of sciatic n
What are the compartments of the posterior crural area
superficial and deep
what mm are in the superficial posterior crural area
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris which all flex leg and plantar flex foot
what are the general functions of mm in the deep posterior crural area
mm which plantar flex and invert foot
what are the general functions of the mm in the lateral crural compartment
mm that plantar flex and evert foot
what n and a supply posterior and lateral compartments of leg
posterior- tibial n, posterior tibial a
lateral- superficial fibular n, fibular a
what are the general functions of the mm in ther anterior crural compartment and dorsum of foot
dorsi flex and invert the foot, extend the toes and assist in eversion of the foot
what a and n supply the anterior crural compartment and dorsum of foot
deep fibular n and anterior tibial a
What are the 4 compartments of the plantar foot
medial (great toe)
lateral (small toe)
central
interosseous
What does the posterior tibial a turn into
lateral and medial plantar aa
what does the tibial n turn into
lateral and medial nn
What is the major a that supplies lower limb
femoral a
after exiting the popliteal fossa what does the popliteal a turn into
anterior and posterior tibial aa
what are the deep vv of the leg named for
the aa they run with
where does the great saphenous v begin
medial side of the dorsum of the foot
where does the great saphenous v go relative to medial malleolus and medial condyle
anterior to medial malleolus, posterior to medial condyle
where does the lesser saphenous v begin
lateral side of the dorsum of the foot
where does the lesser saphenous v traverse in leg
behind lateral malleolus and along midline of the calf paralleling the course of sural n
what does the lesser saphenous v join
pierces crural fascia to join popliteal v
clinical correlation of valvular incompetency
varicosities
where are the nodes of the leg found
popliteal
superficial inguinal
deep inguinal
iliac
Where does superficial lymph drain? and what?
lymph channels next to superficial vv
drain all superficial areas
where does deep lymph drain? and what?
lymph channels next to deep vessels
mm, tendons and joint capsules
What spinal cord levels supply lower limb
L2-S3
What supplies femoral nn
L2-L4
what does femoral nn supply
provides motor and sensory
inn anterior femoral mm and skin of anterior thigh, medial led and medial foot
what supplies obturator n
L2-L4
what does the obturator n supply
motor inn to ADductor mm of thigh and cutaneous inn to medial surface of thigh
What supplies sciatic n
L4-L5 S1-3
what does the sciatic n bifurcate into
tibial and common fibular nn
what does the sciatic nn supply
all posterior thigh, leg and plantar mm as well as specific cutaneous
What supplies cutaneous inn to lower limb
lumbar/sacral plexuses ventral rami L1-S2
dorsal rami of spinal nn L1-L3 and S1-S3
what dermatomes supply lower limb
spinal cord levels L1-S2
in which direction do dermatomes spiral lower limb
lateral to medial
Where does the L4 dermatome lay
anterior to greater trochanter, overlaying patella, medial malleolus and great toe
Where do S1S2 dermatomes lay
descend middle of posterior thigh and leg
where does the S1 dermatome lay
lateral malleolus
Where does the S2 dermatome lay
medial plantar surface of heel
Where do L4 L5 S1 dermatomes lay
dorsum of plantar surface of the foot from medial to lateral
