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MSK III > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

what type of joint is the hip

A

synovial ball and socket

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2
Q

what articulates in hip joint

A

head of femur and acetabulum

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3
Q

what deepens the hip joint

A

transverse acetebular ligament

and acetabular labrum

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4
Q

where does the capsule of the hip joint attach

A

superior to the brim of acetabulum and interior to the intertrochanteric line

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5
Q

what are layers of the hip capsule

A

superficial lamina and deep

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6
Q

what is the general structure of superficial lamina of hip capsule

A

longitudinally oriented fibers that limit extension

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7
Q

what is the general structure of the deep lamina of hip capsule

A

circularly arranged fibers (zona orbicularis)

“screw home effect”

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8
Q

Which ligament in the hip joint makes an inverted Y

A

iliofemoral ligament

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9
Q

where does the iliofemoral lig attach

A

superior AIIS and inferior to intertrochanteric line and anterior inferior greater torchanter

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10
Q

what does the iliofemoral lig prevent

A

hyperextension

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11
Q

which ligament in hip is in the medial inferior portion

A

pubofemoral lig

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12
Q

what does the pubofemoral lig prevent

A

hyperABduction and hyperextension

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13
Q

where does pubofemoral lig attach

A

medial brim of pubic portion of actebabulum and laterall to neck of femur near lesser trochanter

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14
Q

which ligament of hip joint has a posterior free margin

A

the ischiofemoral lig

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15
Q

what is the intracapsular lig of hip joint

A

ligamentum teres capitis femoris

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16
Q

what does the ligamentum trees capitis femoris limit

A

ADduction

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17
Q

what does the synovial lining not “line” in the capsule

A

articular elements

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18
Q

what m does the synovial lining of hip joint provide bursa for

A

obturator externus posteriorly

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19
Q

what supplies hip joint blood

A

lateral and medial femoral circumflex aa, superior and inferior gluteal aa, obturator a

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20
Q

what artery runs through ligamentum trees capitis femoris

A

obturator a

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21
Q

what is greater in motion of hip joint; lateral or medial rotation

A

lateral

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22
Q

what type of joint is the knee

A

synovial, modified hinge

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23
Q

what are the osseous contributions for joint stability of knee

A

increase in SA thorugh expanded roller surface of femur and tibial plateau

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24
Q

What part of the knee joint guides rotation

A

intercondylar eminences

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25
Q

why are there small openings in the posterior capsule of knee joint

A

to allow for bursar and synovial cavity communication

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26
Q

expansions of vastus medialis and lateralis form what for knee joint

A

the lateral and medial patellar retinacula

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27
Q

what m is the oblique popliteal ligament an expansion of

A

semimembranosus

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28
Q

what m is the arcuate popliteal ligament an expansion of

A

biceps femoris to fibular head, arches over popliteus

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29
Q

What are the extracapsular lig of the knee

A

ligamentum patellae, MCL and LCL

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30
Q

what is the ligamentum patella an extension of

A

quads tendon

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31
Q

describe MCL

A

broad and thin, attaches to the medial meniscus

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32
Q

describe LCL

A

pencil like cord, not attached to lateral meniscus and also is reinforced by intracapsular ligaments

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33
Q

What does the synocium not line

A

articular surfaces and cruciate ligaments

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34
Q

What is the infrapatellar synovial fold

A

extends from infrapatellar fat pad to cruciate ligaments. divide into lateral and medial tibiofemoral compartments

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35
Q

describe the suprapatellar bursae

A

extension of the synovial cavity beneath quads tendon

36
Q

Shape of the menisci in the knee

A

lateral is lunar, medial is semilunar

37
Q

what attach lateral margins of menisci to margins of tibial plataeu

A

coronary ligaments

38
Q

How are the medial and lateral menisci attached to one another

A

transverse genicular lig

39
Q

function of menisci

A

cushion joint and stabilize articulation by deepening articular surfaces

40
Q

describe ACL

A

medial surface of lateral femoral condyle to anterior intercondylar area

41
Q

what does ACL prevent

A

posterior displacement of femur when foot is fixed

42
Q

describe PCL

A

lateral surface of medial condyle of femur to posterior intercondylar area

43
Q

what does PCL prevent

A

forwards displacement of femur when the foot is firmly fixed

44
Q

What is the function of meniscofemoral lig

A

keep menisci from being trapped during knee flexion

45
Q

describe parts of meniscofemoral lig

A

anterior which is superior to ant surface of PCL

posterior which is superior with post surface PCL

46
Q

Describe arterires suppling knee

A

intense anastomoses “genicular anastomosis”

47
Q

what type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint

A

synovial gliding

48
Q

What strengthens the proximal tibiofibular joint

A

anterior and posterior ligaments of head of fibular

49
Q

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibualr joint

A

fibrous! does not slide

50
Q

what ligaments are in the distal tibiofibular joint

A

interosseous lig

anterior, posterior and transverse tibiofibular lig

51
Q

what is the main function of the transverse tibiofibular lig

A

helps form the mortise of the talocrural joint by extending below inferior margin of distal tibiofibular joint.

52
Q

what aa supply distal tibiofibular joint

53
Q

what type of joint is the talocrural

A

synovial of the hinge variety

54
Q

What does the talocrural capsule allow movement wise

A

anterior and posterior to allow flexion/extension but stops lateral and medial movement through its ligaments

55
Q

What are the ligaments of the talocrural joint

A

medial and lateral collateral lig

56
Q

describe the medial collateral lig of ankle

A 
"deltoid lig"
anterior tibiotalar
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal
posterior tibiotalar
57
Q

what do the medial collateral lig prevent in ankle

A

over eversion

58
Q

describe the lateral collateral lig of ankle

A

anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular

59
Q

what does the lateral collateral lig prevent in ankle

A

over inversion

60
Q

What keeps the tarsals together

A

dorsal and plantar interosseous ligaments

61
Q

which ligaments are stronger in the intertarsal area

A

the plantar ligaments because weight bearing

62
Q

what are the individual joints of intertarsal joint

A

subtalar, talocalcaneonavicular, calcaneocuboid and cuneonavicular

63
Q

Describe subtalar joint

A

talus articulates 2 times with calcaneus. posterior and medial

64
Q

what does the subtalar joint allow

A

inversion and eversion of posterior portion of foot

65
Q

describe the talocalcaneonavicular joint

A

between calcaneus, navicular and “keystone” talus forming the medial arch

66
Q

what does the talocalcaneonavicular joint prevent? with help of what structure?

A

prevends head of talus from being driven downward- plantar calcaneonavicular lig

67
Q

what is the “spring lig”

A

the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

68
Q

describe the calcaneocuboid joint

A

articulartion between anterior portion of calcaneus and cuboid, cuboid acts as keystone

69
Q

what does the calcaneocuboid joint form

A

highest portion of lateral longitudinal arch

70
Q

what supports the calcaneocuboid joint

A

the long and short plantar ligaments

71
Q

what joint identifies line of division between forefoot and hindfoot

A

midtarsal joint between posterior talocalcaneal portions with anterior naviculocuboid

72
Q

What type of joints are the tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints

A

synovial plane

73
Q

what support the tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints

A

dorsal, plantar and interosseous ligaments

74
Q

what unties the heads of the metatarsals

A

deep transverse metatarsal ligaments

75
Q

what type of joint are the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal

A

synovial condyloid MP and synovial hinge IP

76
Q

what ligaments increas joint stability of MP and IP

A

plantar and collateral ligaments

77
Q

What are the osseous components of the lateral arch of the foot

A

calcaneous, cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals/phalanges

78
Q

what is the purpose of the lateral arch

A

flat rigid component which provides stable base for upright posture and assists in balance

79
Q

what are the osseous components of the medial arch

A

calcaneous, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, 1st 2nd 3rd metatarsals/phalanges

80
Q

what is the purpose of medial arch

A

higher more resilient curve to assist in weight bearing

81
Q

what are the osseous components of the transverse arch

A

distal row of tarsals and bases of all metatarsals

82
Q

what ligaments assist in static support of arches

A

long and short plantar ligaments as well as plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

83
Q

what ties together proximal and distal ends of longitudinal arches

A

the plantar aponeurosis

84
Q

What provides the dynamic support of the foot

A

the tibialis posterior and fibularis longus forming a sling to support all arches
flexor digitorum longus and hallucis longus helping medial arch
tibialis anterior and fibularis brevis provide tendinous attachments

85
Q

When are the ligaments most important in support of arches

A

when static. during movement the mm are really key

86
Q

what provides the grasping of surfaces with our toes

A

flexor digitorum longus

87
Q

what m provides the impetus for each step we take

A

the flexor hallucis longus

MSK III (9 decks)

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