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BBS 5069: Brain & Behavior II > Organization of the Central Nervous System (CNS) > Flashcards

Organization of the Central Nervous System (CNS) Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

organization of the spinal cord

A
  • Motor Information connects to the Ventral side of the Spinal Cord
  • Sensory information connects to the Dorsal side of the Spinal Cord
  • Efferent fibers Exit the brain (motor)
  • Afferent fibers Arrive in the brain (sensory)
  • Bulge = dorsal root ganglia
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2
Q

spinal vertebrae

A
  1. cervical
  2. thoracic
  3. lumbar
  4. sacral
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3
Q

parts of the brain (encephalon)

A
  • hindbrain
  • midbrain
  • forebrain
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4
Q

parts of the hindbrain

A
  • medulla
  • pons
  • cerebellum
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5
Q

other name for hindbrain

A

rhombencephalon

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6
Q

role of the cerebellum

A

control of movement and sequencing

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7
Q

role of the pons

A

switchboard between the cortex and cerebellum

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8
Q

role of the medulla

A

gateway of the cortico-spinal tracts

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9
Q

parts of the midbrain

A
  • tectum
    • superior colliculus (“upper hill”): detection of rapidly changing stimuli in peripheral vision possibly representing a threat
    • inferior colliculus (“lower hill”): early detection of auditory stimuli
  • tegmentum
    • substantia nigra (“black body”): production of dopmanine
    • red nucleus: primitive motor control
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10
Q

depiction of tectum

A
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11
Q

depiction of tegmentum

A
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12
Q

other name for midbrain

A

mesencephalon

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13
Q

parts of the forebrain: diencephalon

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • pituitary gland (not part of CNS)
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14
Q

role of the thalamus (“antechamber”)

A

sensory relay station to the cerebral cortex (except for smell)

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15
Q

role of the hypothalamus (“beneath the thalamus”)

A
  • regulation of motivated behaviors and internal homeostasis (e.g., temperature, thirst, hunger)
  • “The four F’s”: Feeding, Fighting, Fleeing, Sex
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16
Q

role of the pituitary gland

A
  • beneath & connected to hypothalamus
  • secretes hormones into the bloodstream
17
Q

parts of the forebrain: telencephalon

A
  • basal ganglia
  • limbic zone
  • cerebral cortex
18
Q

the basal ganglia structure

A
19
Q

basal ganglia pathways

A
  • Dopamine Pathways connecting to Frontal Lobes to Cerebellum
  • Involved in sequencing of behaviors, motor and procedural learning
20
Q

parts of the limbic system

A

Linked set of structures beneath the cortex including:

  • olfactory bulb
  • hypothalamus
  • hippocampus
  • amygdala
  • cingulate gyrus
21
Q

role of the limbic system

A
  • Important for behaviors related to motivation & emotion (sex, eating, drinking, fear/anxiety, aggression)
  • Also involved in memory encoding
22
Q

role of the hippocampus

A
  • “sea horse”
  • between thalamus and temporal lobe
  • storage of new memories
23
Q

role of the amygdala

A
  • “almond”
  • Located at the tip of the hippocampus
  • Associated with fear/anxiety and learning
24
Q

what is the reticular formation?

A
  • Does not have clearly defined boundaries
  • Runs through the Pons of the Hindbrain into the Tectum of the Midbrain and communicates with the Thalamus of the Forebrain
  • Helps with Posture, and Reflex control along with Alertness and Sleep activation
25
Q

what two parts of the brain make up the brain stem?

A

midbrain & hindbrain

26
Q

nervous system pathways

A
27
Q

organization of the cerebral cortex

A
28
Q

language areas

A
  1. Broca’s area
  2. Wernicke’s area
29
Q

sensori-motor areas

A
  1. motor
  2. auditory
  3. visual
  4. somatosensory
  5. olfactory
30
Q

sensory-motor topographical representations

A
31
Q

Luria’s schema

(functional organization of cerebral cortex)

A
  • Primary Zones: sensory-motor zones: visual, auditory, somatosensory, motor
  • Secondary Zones: Unimodal, Association
  • Tertiary: Cross-modal, Association
32
Q

Brodmann’s cytoarchitectonic designations

A
  • Divided the regions within the lobes into coherent areas based on common cellular and laminar structure
  • In humans, he found 47 areas (BA1 – BA47)
33
Q

primary zones of the brain

(Brodmann and Luria’s)

A
  • Visual: BA17 (V1)
  • Auditory: BA 41-42
  • Somatosensory: BA 1-2-3
  • Motor: BA 4
34
Q

secondary zones of the brain

(Brodmann and Luria’s)

A
  • Visual: BA 18 &19 (V2), BA 21 (VP/V4), BA 20 (fusiform gyrus)
  • Auditory: BA 22
  • Somatosensory: BA 5 & 7a, (V3)
  • Motor: BA 6
35
Q

tertiary zones of the brain

(Brodmann and Luria’s)

A
  • Parietal-Temporal-Occipital (PTO) association areas: BA 7b, BA 39, BA 40, parts of BA 21
  • Prefrontal Cortex: BA 8, 9, 10, 11, BA 45

BBS 5069: Brain & Behavior II (9 decks)

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