Organization Of The Body Flashcards by shannon hazard

Gross anatomy:

deals with the structure of organs and tissues that are visible to the naked eye

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Microanatomy:

Study of microscopic structures

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Cytology:

Study of cells

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Histology:

Study of tissues

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Tissues:

Groups of cells coordinating their effort toward a common function

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Physiology:

How body functions and work of the cells must do to keep the body stable and operating

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Homeostasis:

Maintenance of steady internal environment through physiological work

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Levels of organization:

At which people study the body are reflected in the fields of specialization in anatomy and physiology

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Molecular level:( chemical level)

Atoms and molecules of an organ system

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Cellular level:

Where cells join together (organelles do work)

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Tissue level:

Different types of cells working together

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Organ level:

Tissues function together; organ has distinct 3D shape

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Organ system level:

Includes all organs of a system

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Organism level:

All organ systems make up an individual

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Supine:

Lying on back

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Prone:

Lying face down

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Superior:

Above

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Inferior:

Below

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Anterior:(ventral)

Front or forward

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Posterior:(dorsal)

Behind or backward

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Cranial:

Towards head

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Medial:

Towards centre of mass

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Lateral:

Away from centre of mass

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Proximal:

Towards attached base

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Distal:

Away from attached base

Superficial:

Close to body surface

Deep:

Farther from body surface

The cephalon (head) is part of what region?

Cephalic

The crevices is part of what region?

Cervical

The thoracis (throat or chest) is part of what region?

Thoracic

The axils (armpit) is part of what region?

Axillary

The brachium (arm) is in what region?

Brachial

The antecubitis (elbow) is part of what region?

Antecubital

The antebrachium (forearm) is part of what region?

Antebrachial

The carpus (wrist) is part of what region?

Carpal

The manus (hand) is part of what region?

Manual

The abdomen (belly) is part of what region?

Abdominal

The lumbus (loin) is part of what region ?

Lumbar

The gluteus (buttock) is part of what region ?

Gluteal

The pelvis (hip) is part of what region?

Pelvis

The pubis (anterior pelvis) is part of what region?

Pubic

The inguen (groin) is part of what region?

Inguinal

The femur (thigh) is part of what region?

Femoral

The popliteus (back of knee) is part of what region?

Popliteal

The crus (anterior leg) is part of what region?

Crural

The sura (calf) if part of what region?

Sural

The tursus (ankle) is part of what region?

Tarsal

The pes (foot) Is part of what region?

Pedal

The planta (sole of foot) is part of what region?

Plantar

Cephalon:

Consists of cranium (skull) and face

What does the abdminopelvic region consist of?

Umbilical region, left and right lumbar region, epigastric region, left and right hypochondriac region, pubic region, left and right inguen also region

How would you divide a human in their lateral plane?

Vertically, slightly medial to the nipples

Describe the transpyloric plan.

It is superior to the navel, at the level of the pylorus, the lower region of the stomach.

Describe the transtubercular plane.

It is inferior to the navel and crosses the abdomen at the level of the superior hips.

Define sectioning.

Cutting of a body

What is a plane of sectioning

Direction in which the cut is made

Define transverse (cross section)

Perpendicular to the vertical orientation of the body

Vertical:

Parallel to to vertical axis

Sagittal:

Divide body into left and right portions

Midsagittal:

Equally Divides structures

Parasagittal:

Nearly equal portions

Frontal (coronal):

Separates anterior and posterior sections

Cranial cavity:

Space within the oral cranium of the skull (protects the brain)

Spinal cavity:

Canal that passes through the vertebral column

Meninges:

Protective 3-layered membrane (covers spinal chord and brain)

Ventral body cavity (coelom):

Entire space of the body trunk anterior to the vertebral colon and posterior to the breastbone and abdominal wall 1. Abdominopelvic 2. thoratic

Serous membrane:

Watery double layered membrane that covers the heart, lungs, stomach, and intestines

What are pleural cavities?

Two cavities each containing one lung

Mediastinum:

Moss of organs and tissues separating pleural cavities

Pericardial cavity:

Contains the heart

Abdominal cavity:

Contains digestive organs

Pelvic cavity:

Contains reproductive organs, part of the large intestine, rectum, and bladder

Visceral layer:

The inner layer of an enveloping sac that lines the outer layer of the enveloped structure

Parietal layer:

Superficial to visceral layer and lines the walk of the body cavity

Serous fluid:

Reduces friction between visceral and parietal layers

Pericardium:

Heart membrane

Perietal pericardium:

Outer heart membrane

Visceral pericardium:

Inner heart membrane

Pleura :

Serous membrane of the lungs

Parietal pleura:

Outer lung membrane | Lines the thoracic wall

Visceral pleura:

Inner lung membrane | Attached to the surface of the lung

Peritoneum:

Serous membrane that encloses most digestive organs

Parietal peritoneum:

Numerous folds that wrap around and attach the abdominal organs to the posterior abdominal wall

Visceral peritoneum :

Lines the organ surfaces (abdominal)

Peritoneal cavity:

Space between the parietal and visceral peritoneal layers | Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves that support digestive organs

Retroperitonal:

Located behind peritoneum

Anatomy:

Study of bone structure