organization of lower limb

Question 1

Superficial fascia of lower limb

Answer 1

• 2 layers
  1. fatty layer
  2. membranous layer
• inguinal lymph nodes, subcutaneous blood vessels, and nerves found in between 1 and 2

Question 2

Deep Fascia

Answer 2

• stocking like investment of lower limb
  specializations
  1. fascia lata
  2. crural fascia

Question 3

Fascia Lata

Answer 3

• most superior portion of deep fascia

- surrounds thigh and gluteal region

Question 4

gluteal aponeurosis

Answer 4

• thickened portion of fascia lata

- forms intramuscular septum btw gluteus maximus and medius

Question 5

intermuscular septum (lateral and medial)

Answer 5

• inward projections of fascia lat a
• extend from femur
• delineate muscle compartments

Question 6

lliotibial tract

Answer 6

• lateral thickening of fascia lata

- serves as tendon

Question 7

saphenous vein opening

Answer 7

• circular opening in superior anteromedial portion of fascia lata below inguinal ligament
• falciform margin (sickle shapped)
• underlain with fascia cribrosa and transmits great saphenous vein

Question 8

Crural fascia

Answer 8

• extension of fascia lata below knee
  1. intermuscular septum (anterior, lateral, superficial, deep posterior)
  2. retinacula
  3. fascia of dorsum of foot
  4. plantar fascia- contains thickened central compartment (plantar aponeurosis)

Question 9

retinacula

Answer 9

• thickness of crural fascia at ankle to prevent bowstringing
• superior and inferior extensor retinacula- anterior
• superior and inferior fibular retinacula- lateral
• flexor retinaculum- posteromedial

Question 10

great saphanous vein

Answer 10

• beings medial side of dorsum of foot
• ascends medially (anterior to medial malleolus
• parallels saphenous nerve
• receives drainage from upper thigh and lower abdomen before joining femoral vein
• empties into femoral vein after passing through saphenous opening

Question 11

lesser saphanous vein

Answer 11

• begins lateral side of dorsum of foot
• ascends behind lateral malleolus
• peirces crural fascia and joins popliteal vein

Question 12

lymphatics of lower limbs

Answer 12

1. popliteal
2. superifical inguinal node
3. deep inguinal node
4. iliac nodes

Question 13

motor innervation of lower limb

Answer 13

• spinal cord segments L2-L4 (femoral and obturator nerves)

- L4-S3 from sacral plexus via sciatic nerve

Question 14

Femoral Nerve

Answer 14

• L2,3,4
• enters femoral triangle deep to inguinal ligaments
• provides motor and sensory branches while in triangle
• innervates anterior femoral musculature and skin of anterior thigh, medial leg and medial foot

Question 15

Obturator Nerve

Answer 15

• L2,3,4
• enters thigh via obturator canal
• motor innervation to adductor muscles of thigh and cutaneous innervation to medial surface of thigh

Question 16

Sciatic nerve

Answer 16

• L4,5, S1,2,3
• exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen
• courses through posterior thigh bifurcates into popliteal fossa into tibial and common fibular nerves
• innervates all posterior thigh, leg, plantar musculature and cutaneous areas

Question 17

Sensory innervation to lower limb

Answer 17

• cutaneous innervation of lower limb accomplished by branches of lumbar and sacral plexuses (ventral rami spinal nerves L1- S2) and dorsal rami of L1-L3 and S1-S3

Question 18

Dermatomes

Answer 18

• L1- S2
• ## barbor poll pattern