Organization & Function of the Nervous System

Question 1

How many parts is the nervous system divide into?

Answer 1

Divided into central nervous system (CNS) & peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 2

Central Nervous System (CNS) is divided into

Answer 2

The brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is divided into

Answer 3

Somatic Nervous System (SNS) and

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 4

Somatic Nervous System (SNS) is divided into

Answer 4

Cranial Nerves and Spinal Nerves

Question 5

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is split into

Answer 5

Sympathetic Division (Arousal)
Parasympathetic Division (Calming)

Question 6

Cranial Nerves are split into

Answer 6

Twelve pairs of nerves that control:

• Afferent functions (sensation to eyes, ears, mouth & nose);
• Efferent functions (motor control over facial muscles, tongue & eyes)

Question 7

What are the Spinal Nerves

Answer 7

Functionally equivalent to the cranial nerves of the head;

Control and carry information about the body, trunk & limbs.

Question 8

What type of fibers does the Somatic Nervous System have

Answer 8

Dorsal fibers

Ventral fibers

Question 9

Dorsal fibers are

Ventral fibers are

Answer 9

Dorsal fibers – afferent.

Ventral fibers – efferent.

Question 10

Collection of fibers entering/exiting spinal- cord segment is called

Answer 10

a root (i.e. dorsal root, ventral root).

Question 11

Law of Bell & Magendie

Answer 11

Dorsal spinal cord is sensory & ventral side is motor;
• Allows inferences about location of spinal- cord damage on the basis of changes in sensation or movement that a patient experiences.

Question 12

Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):

Answer 12

Sympathetic Division

Parasympathetic Division

Question 13

Sympathetic Division is the

Answer 13

Fight or Flight;

• Connected to thoracic & lumbar spinal-cord regions;
• Spinal cord connects to autonomic control center, made up of ganglia.

Question 14

Parasympathetic Division is the

Answer 14

Rest & Digest;

• Connects through cranial nerves: 3, 7 & 10;
• Also connected to sacral region of spinal cord.

Question 15

Spinal Cord is split into

Answer 15

Vertebrae and Dermatomes

Question 16

Vertebrae is

Answer 16

Segments of the spinal cord;

Divided into 5 anatomical regions (from top to bottom: cranial, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral)

Question 17

Dermatomes is

Answer 17

Segments of the body;

Each dermatome contains sensory nerve& motornerves (spinal nerves).

Question 18

The spinal cord Controls most body movements what are the vertebra sections?

Answer 18

Series of vertebrae, divided into sections:

• Cervical (C1-C8)
• Thoracic (T1-T12)
• Lumbar (L1-L5)
• Sacral (S1-S5)

Question 19

The spine can act independently off the brain through

Answer 19

Spinal reflex and Automatic movements, hard for the brain to inhibit

Question 20

What are the layers of Cerebral Security

Answer 20

Dura Mater (L. hard mother), Arachnoid Layer (L. spider layer), Pia Mater (L. soft mother)

Question 21

Proprieties of the Dura Mater (L. hard mother)

Answer 21

Tough, double layered fibrous tissue;

- Encloses brain & spinal cord.

Question 22

Proprieties of the Arachnoid Layer (L. spider layer)

Answer 22

Thin sheet of delicate connective tissue;

- Follows the brain’s contour.

Question 23

Proprieties of the Pia Mater (L. soft mother)

Answer 23

Moderately tough membrane of connective tissue;

- Clings to brain surface.

Question 24

Cerebral Security is the

Answer 24

Meninges

Question 25

What is Meningitis

Answer 25

Bacterial infection of the meninges
- Particularly the pia mater and arachnoid
space;
- CSF implicated as well.
• Intra-Cranial Pressure (ICP)
- Inflammation puts pressure on the brain; - Leads to drowsiness, delirium, coma.

Question 26

What is atop of the brain called?

Answer 26

Dorsal

Question 27

What is toward midline of the brain called?

Answer 27

Medial

Question 28

What is toward front of the brain called?

Answer 28

Anterior

Question 29

What is behind of the brain called?

Answer 29

Posterior

Question 30

What is away from the brain midline called?

Answer 30

Lateral

Question 31

What is down the brain called

Answer 31

ventral