Macroanatomy

Question 1

What does the Frontal lobe do

Answer 1

Executive function, decision making, planning, impulse control, etc.

Question 2

What does the Occipital lobe do

Answer 2

Vision

- 1o, 2o visual cortices

Question 3

What does the Parietal lobe do

Answer 3

Tactile function, sensory & motor information processing.

Question 4

What does the Temporal lobe do

Answer 4

Auditory, visual, gustatory, emotion, memory.

Question 5

What is the Cerebrum

Answer 5

Forebrain structure;

• Two identical hemispheres;
• Responsible for most conscious behavior.

Question 6

What is the Cerebellum (L. little brain)

Answer 6

Control and coordination of
fine motor skills;
- Does not initiate movements, but coordinates the timing, precision and accuracy of movements.

Question 7

what is the Brainstem

Answer 7

• Responsible for unconscious behaviors;

- Structurally continuous with the spinal cord.

Question 8

What are Gyri

Answer 8

Bumps & ridges of the cerebral cortex;

Question 9

What are Sulci

Answer 9

Cracks & valleys of the cerebral cortex;

-Fissures are deep sulci.

Question 10

What is Gray Matter

Answer 10

• Largely composed of cell bodies and capillary blood vessels;
• Process information and supports behavior.

Question 11

What is white Matter

Answer 11

Nerve fibers with fatty coverings;

-Form connections between cells.

Question 12

What are Ventricles (L. small cavity)

Answer 12

4 cavities filled with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF);

• Derived from blood plasma;
• NaCl- and other salts;

Question 13

What is a Corpus Callosum

Answer 13

Corpus Callosum (L. corpus = body; callosum = hard, tough)

• Over 200 million nerve fibers that connect the 2 hemispheres;
• Divides brain into cortical & subcortical regions
• Split brain personality

Question 14

How many parts is the brain stem divided into?

Answer 14

Divided into 3 distinct regions:

1. Hindbrain
2. Midbrain
3. Diencephalon (L. between brain)

Receives afferent nerves from all the body’s senses.

Sends efferent nerves to the spinal cord.

Question 15

Explain the Cerebellum

Answer 15

Located in the Hindbrain

Size of cerebellum increases with physical speed and dexterity;
-Controls fine motor movements.

Question 16

Explain the Reticular Formation (rete L. net)

Answer 16

Located in the Hindbrain

Located at the core of the brainstem;
-Netlike mixture of grey & white matter.

Question 17

What are pons

Answer 17

Connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain.

Question 18

Explain the Tectum

Answer 18

Dorsal side of midbrain;

• Receives sensory information from the eyes and ears;
• Allows production of oriented movements (reflexive).

Question 19

Explain the Tegmentum (L. floor)

Answer 19

1. Red nuclei controls motor coordination of the limbs;
2. Substantia Nigra controls initiates (voluntary) movements;
3. Periaqueductal grey matter controls sexual behavior & pain.
   In the midbrain

Question 20

What does the Hypothalamus control

Answer 20

Located in the Diencephalon it Controls hormone production;

- Influences feeding, sexual behavior, sleeping, thermoregulation, emotions, hormone function, movements, and more…

Question 21

What does the Thalamus control

Answer 21

Located in the Diencephalon it Relay station for sensory information traveling to the cortex;
- All sensory systems send input to the thalamus;

Question 22

What does the Basal Ganglia

control

Answer 22

Controls certain aspects of voluntary movements.

More about this when we talk about PD (and HD).

Question 23

What is the Basal Ganglia

Collection of nuclei

Answer 23

1. Caudate Nucleus
2. Putamen
3. Globus Pallidus (Gpi & Gpe)
4. (Substantia Nigra)

Question 24

What are The parts Limbic System

Answer 24

Hippocampus

Amygdala

Limbic Cortex

Question 25

What does the Hippocampus do

Answer 25

• Memory storage, particularly spatial memories;

- Neurogenesis.

Question 26

What does the Amygdala do

Answer 26

Negative affect;

• Fear acquisition;
• Memory enhancement & activation.

Question 27

What does the Limbic Cortex do

Answer 27

Helps certain aspects of memory formation and recollection.

Question 28

What are The Olfactory System

Answer 28

Olfactory Bulbs

Question 29

What is the Olfactory Bulbs

Answer 29

Permits the sense of smell;

• Forebrain structure;
• Sends sensory information directly to pyriform cortex for processing;
• Relatively small in humans compared to other animals (e.g. dogs, rats, cats)

Question 30

What are the three main cerebral arteries

Answer 30

Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery