Macroanatomy Flashcards
What does the Frontal lobe do
Executive function, decision making, planning, impulse control, etc.
What does the Occipital lobe do
Vision
- 1o, 2o visual cortices
What does the Parietal lobe do
Tactile function, sensory & motor information processing.
What does the Temporal lobe do
Auditory, visual, gustatory, emotion, memory.
What is the Cerebrum
Forebrain structure;
- Two identical hemispheres;
- Responsible for most conscious behavior.
What is the Cerebellum (L. little brain)
Control and coordination of
fine motor skills;
- Does not initiate movements, but coordinates the timing, precision and accuracy of movements.
what is the Brainstem
- Responsible for unconscious behaviors;
- Structurally continuous with the spinal cord.
What are Gyri
Bumps & ridges of the cerebral cortex;
What are Sulci
Cracks & valleys of the cerebral cortex;
-Fissures are deep sulci.
What is Gray Matter
- Largely composed of cell bodies and capillary blood vessels;
- Process information and supports behavior.
What is white Matter
Nerve fibers with fatty coverings;
-Form connections between cells.
What are Ventricles (L. small cavity)
4 cavities filled with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF);
- Derived from blood plasma;
- NaCl- and other salts;
What is a Corpus Callosum
Corpus Callosum (L. corpus = body; callosum = hard, tough)
- Over 200 million nerve fibers that connect the 2 hemispheres;
- Divides brain into cortical & subcortical regions
- Split brain personality
How many parts is the brain stem divided into?
Divided into 3 distinct regions:
- Hindbrain
- Midbrain
- Diencephalon (L. between brain)
Receives afferent nerves from all the body’s senses.
Sends efferent nerves to the spinal cord.
Explain the Cerebellum
Located in the Hindbrain
Size of cerebellum increases with physical speed and dexterity;
-Controls fine motor movements.
Explain the Reticular Formation (rete L. net)
Located in the Hindbrain
Located at the core of the brainstem;
-Netlike mixture of grey & white matter.
What are pons
Connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain.
Explain the Tectum
Dorsal side of midbrain;
- Receives sensory information from the eyes and ears;
- Allows production of oriented movements (reflexive).
Explain the Tegmentum (L. floor)
- Red nuclei controls motor coordination of the limbs;
- Substantia Nigra controls initiates (voluntary) movements;
- Periaqueductal grey matter controls sexual behavior & pain.
In the midbrain
What does the Hypothalamus control
Located in the Diencephalon it Controls hormone production;
- Influences feeding, sexual behavior, sleeping, thermoregulation, emotions, hormone function, movements, and more…
What does the Thalamus control
Located in the Diencephalon it Relay station for sensory information traveling to the cortex;
- All sensory systems send input to the thalamus;
What does the Basal Ganglia
control
Controls certain aspects of voluntary movements.
More about this when we talk about PD (and HD).
What is the Basal Ganglia
Collection of nuclei
- Caudate Nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus Pallidus (Gpi & Gpe)
- (Substantia Nigra)
What are The parts Limbic System
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Limbic Cortex
What does the Hippocampus do
- Memory storage, particularly spatial memories;
- Neurogenesis.
What does the Amygdala do
Negative affect;
- Fear acquisition;
- Memory enhancement & activation.
What does the Limbic Cortex do
Helps certain aspects of memory formation and recollection.
What are The Olfactory System
Olfactory Bulbs
What is the Olfactory Bulbs
Permits the sense of smell;
- Forebrain structure;
- Sends sensory information directly to pyriform cortex for processing;
- Relatively small in humans compared to other animals (e.g. dogs, rats, cats)
What are the three main cerebral arteries
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
