Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

biology gcse > organization- chapter 3&4 > Flashcards

organization- chapter 3&4 Flashcards

1
Q

order or digestive system

A 
mouth 
fillet
stomach
small intestine 
large intestine
rectum
anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

function of mouth

A

teeth carry out mechanical digestion and breaks down with saliva and amylase and lubricates the food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of gullet

A

muscular tube squeezes the food down along the peristalsis. the ball of food is called the bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

function of stomach

A

muscular bag that churns and mixes the food. DOESNT digest at this point , stomach acid (hydrochloride acid ) used to kill pathogens today percent bacteria and viruses. protease added to break down protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function of small intestine

A

nutrients are absorbed through villi. lipase, carbohydrase, protease and bile added

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of large intestine

A

excess water is retained in body and reabsorbed into bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function of rectum

A

store faecal matters until ready to release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of anus

A

can be relaxed to excrete faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a tissue

A

a group of cells that work together with similiar structures all work together to do a similiar job

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is an organ system

A

group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is an enzyme

A

an enzyme is a biological catalyst because biological catalyst speed up the reaction in our bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many times can an enzyme act as a catalyst

A

will only catalyse one reaction as others are for specific reactions based on shape as it has to be specific shape to the substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does it mean when an enzyme has been ‘denatured’

A

the break down of the molecular structure of a protein so it no longer functions, it can no longer act as a catalyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is amylase produced

A

in your salivary glands it is also made in the pancreas and lining of small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

required practical : how could u investigate effect of PH on rate of amylase

A

1) add a drop of iodine to each ‘well’ in spotting tile
2) mix the amylase solution and the starch
3) pipette a drop of the mixture into one of wells every 10 seconds
4) if starch is present iodine will be blue / black
5) starch is broken down iodine will be broken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is lipase releases

A

small intestine to absorb nutrients and break down fats / oils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where is bile stored

A

gall bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what tubes split off trachea

A

bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is double circulatory system

A

one transport system carries blood from your hesrt to ur lungs and back again. this allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged with the air in the lungs. the other carries blood from your hesrt to all other organs and back again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why does the heart have valves

A

the heart has valves so they open correctly so blood can empty from chamber and to close properly so the blood can’t flow the wrong way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are four chambers of the hesrt

A

atria, vena cava, pulmonary vein and ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is heart rate controlled by

A

two branches of the automatic (involuntary) nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how are arteries adapted to carry blood away from heart

A

arteries carry oxygen and nutrients away from ur heart to your body’s tissue . arteries have a narrow internal diameter and thick muscular walls, this allows them to carry blood. veins contain valves to prevent back flow of low pressure blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

why do red blood cells not have a nucleus

A

red blood cells do not have a nucleus as it is the adaptation of its job. it allows red blood cells to contain more haemoglobin and therefore , carry more oxygen molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
table for food tasks required practical
protein -biuret solution - purple/ pink if present, blue if not starch: iodine ,blue/black if present, orange if not (carbs) cellulose( reducing sugars) benedict’s solution, lots brick red, little yellow when present, blue if not present lipids (fats) ethanol - cloudy if present, clear if not
26
what side of heart contains deoxygenated blood
left
27
which parts of heart receive blood from lungs
pulmonary vein
28
which part of heart receives blood from rest of body
vena cava or right
29
which parts of heart pump blood into ventricles
atria
30
why do ventricles have thicker walls than atria
to contain the higher pressure of blood as ventricles contain high pressure blood
31
why does left ventricle have thicker wall than right ventricle
because it has to pump blood all around the body
32
what does double circulatory system separate
blood with oxygen from the blood without oxygen
33
what is carbohydrates made of
a repeating unit of simple sugars bonded together made up of single sugars like glucose or more complex like starch and cellulose
34
what is lipids made of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen . they are made up of three molecules of fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol
35
what are proteins made up of
long chains of small units called amino acids. these are around 20 diff amino acids joined together into long chains by special bonds. different arrangements of amino acids give you different proteins
36
where is starch , glucose, protein found and what is it needed for
starch- found in carbs, needed for energy glucose- found in carbs or fruits, needed for energy protein- found in meat , needed for growth or to build tissue
37
where are minerals , fat, fiber and vitamins found and what are they needed for
minerals: found in dairy, fruit & veg, needed to keep you healthy fat: found in meat and cheese , needed for insulation and energy fibre: needed to keep metabolism regular vitamins: found in fruits & veg and meat, needed to stay healthy
38
function of pulmonary artery
carry all deoxygenated blood away from hesrt to lungs
39
function of pulmonary vein
carry all oxygenated blood to heart from lungs
40
function of aorta
carries oxygenated blood around body
41
function of vena cava
brings deoxygenated blood into heart
42
funchion go valves
stop blood from going backwards
43
what is a leaky hesrt and what are symptoms
overtime they start to leak or become stiff and not open fully making hesrt less efficient symptoms- become breathless & without treatment will eventually die
44
what are disadvantages of leaky heart
you have to take medicine for rest of ur life to prevent blood from clotting. biological valves are taken from pigs or cattle, or even human donors. there work well and patient does not need any medicixatiob but only lasts for 12-15 years
45
where is ur natural pacemaker found and what does it do
right atrium of ur hesrt and it sends electrical impulses down to ur heart
46
what is an artificial heart and why might it be used
mechanical hesrt used by a machine to replace ur natural heart if it stops working used to support your natural heart until it can be replaced. artificial hearts need a lot of machinery to keep them working
47
benefits and drawbacks of artificial hearts
risk of blood clotting which can lead to death, don’t always need transport as in 2011 , someone carried artificial heart in back pack keeping him alive for two years until he had a heart transplant . can also be used to give diseased heart a rest
48
why might someone need an artificial pacemaker
if problems with rhythm of heart beat occur like heart beating too slowly, too fast, it can’t pump blood properly. electrical device used to correct irregularities in heart rate
49
how does artificial pacemaker work
implanted in ur chest weighing between 20 &50 g attached to your heart by two wires. sends strong , regular electrical signals to ur heart that stimulate it to beat properly. modern ones are often very sensitive to what ur body needs
50
equation for magnification
magnification = eyepiece X objective lens
51
function of waxy cuticle
outer surface of leaf. prevents water loss within the leaf by evaporation. transparent to allow sunlight in (plants that live entirely in water do not have a waxy cuticle )
52
function of spongy mesophyll
not packed tightly together , allows carbon dioxide to reach the palisade cells for photosynthesis. tissue contains irregularly shaped cells with few chloroplasts loss of air soace, co2 in O2 out ((has exchange)
53
function of guard cell and stomata
carbon dioxide and oxygen can’t just diffuse into the leaf. they have to be let in through special doors called stomata. stomata are usually concentrated on bottom of leaf to limit water loss guard cells surround & each stoma, they open and close stomata
54
function of palisade cells
top layer of cells in leaf. specially adapted to make most of light conditions they receive. have more chloroplasts than other plant cells to catch as much sunlight as possible for photosynthesis they are more block shaped so many can be packed into top layer of leaf
55
function of xylem and phloem
xylem moves water and solutes from roots to leave and phloem moves food substances from leaves to rest of plant water is absorbed from soil through root hair cells, transported through xylem vessels up stem to leaves phloem vessels involved in translocation. movement of food substances from stems to growing tissues and storage tissue
56
how can gas exchange work efficiently
for gas exchange system to work efficiently you need a large difference in concentration of the gas on different sides of exchange membrane ( a steep concentration gradient ) by changing composition of air in the lungs they maintain a steep concentration gradient for both ofxygen diffusing into blood and carbon dioxide diffusing out of blood
57
the gas dxahcnge system function
your lungs are found in your chest (or thorax) and are protected by your rib cage. they are separated from the digestive organs beneath by diaphragm. the diaphragm is a strong sheet of muscle
58
what is job of ventilation system
ventilation system is to move air in and out of ur lungs which provide an efficient surfacd for gas exchange in the alveoli. ventilating the lungs is brought about by the concentration and relation of the intercostal muscles between the ribs and diaphragm , changing the pressure inside the chest cavity so air is forced in or out of lungs as a result of differences in pressure
59
adaptions of alveoli in gas exchange
- very large surface area important for achieving most effective diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide - has a rich supply of blood capillaries, maintains a concentration gradient in both directions - layer of cells between air in lungs and blood in capillaries is also very thin (only one cell wide) this allows diffusion to take place over the shortest possible distance
60
define gas exchange
the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the alveoli during respiration

biology gcse (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions