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biology gcse > ecology > Flashcards

ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

interaction of living organisms with the non living parts of the environment in which they live

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2
Q

what is population

A

a group of the same species that live in a particular area

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3
Q

what is a community

A

all different organisms that live in a particular area

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4
Q

whag is interdependent

A

when two organisms are dependent upon each other for food

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5
Q

what is a stable community

A

where all species and environmental factors are in balance so that population sizes remain fairly constant

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6
Q

what is a biotic factor & examples

A

interaction of living things

pathogens & predators

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7
Q

what is an abiotic factor & examples

A

non living elements of environment

temperature light intensity soil ph and wind intensity

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8
Q

what do food webs show

A

feeding / interdependent relationships within a community using food webs

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9
Q

what factors affect communities

A 
light 
temperature moisture
soil PH
wind intensity 
CO2 conc 
oxygen concentration 
food supply
diseases
predators 
comp from other organisms
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10
Q

what is abundance

A

relative representation of species in a particular ecosystem

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11
Q

whag is distribution

A

range of species in geographical area within what species can be found

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12
Q

whag is a quadrat

A

small grid that gives information abt abundance of organisms across a certain area

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13
Q

whag is a belt transects

A

lies on quadrants placed at regular intervals gives information about distribution of organisms across a carts in area

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14
Q

equation for estimated population size

A

estimated population size =

total area / area sampled X number of species counted

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15
Q

what is interspecific

A

different species

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16
Q

what is intraspecific & do they hv larger comp

A

same species

greater comp as members of same species want same resources

17
Q

what is occupying different niches

A

organisms can coexist in the same area but if they eat different foods they occupy different niches so they are not in direct competition of eachotjet

18
Q

what are extremophiles

A

organisms that cope with extreme environments

19
Q

examples of extremophiles & their meanings

A

acidophiles - can tolerate PH of below 3

barophiles- tolerate high pressures
cryophiles- tolerate extreme cold
halophiles - love salt & need 0.2m to survive
xerophiles - grow& reproduce with low availability of water

20
Q

what are thermophiles

A

can tolerate high temperature 45-122 degrees c they are typically bacteria such as those that live in sulfur vents under the ocean , volcanoes and hot springs

21
Q

examples of thermophiles

A

mesophiles and neutrophiles which cannot tolerate ‘normal ‘ conditions

22
Q

what are structural adaptations

A

the shape colour or part of an organism

23
Q

what are behavioural asap stations

A

migrating to absorb energy or using tools to get food

24
Q

what are functional adaptations

A

processes such as reproduction and metabolism ; antifreeze cells

25
Q

examples of structural behavioural and functional adaptations in animals and plants

A

structural: large beaks in parrots or fangs in snakes
behavioural: birds migrating in winter or roads croaking too attract mates
functional: gills in fish

26
Q

why do food chains begin with a producer

A

because they are able to photosynthesise and make their own food

27
Q

what r carnivores prey herbivore predator producer

A

carnivores - organisms that eat meat

prey - organisms that get eaten by other organisms

herbivore- organisms that eat plants

predator - organisms that eat other organisms

producer - organisms that perform photosynthesis

28
Q

what are decomposers

A

group of microorganisms which include bacteria and fungi

29
Q

conditions that affect decay

A

warmth - as temperature increases decomposers become more active and decay rate increases

oxygen - decomposers need oxygen to survive and without it there is little or no decomposition

moist-as the volume of available water increases rate of decomposition also incrwsss

30
Q

what is percipitation

A

as water droplets in clouds get heavier they fall as snow rain or hail

31
Q

whag is percolation

A

water trickles through gaps in soil and rocks

32
Q

what is carbon cycle

A

constant cycling of small amounts of available carbon between living things and environment

main processes are respiration combustion and photosynthesis

33
Q

what is biodiversity

A

represents total variety of all life on earth our activities can reduce biodiversity

34
Q

what is eutrophication

A

when a body of wager becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induce excessive growth of algae which may result in oxygen depletion

35
Q

what is peat

A

great importance to our planet

as a carbon store peat holds more carbon than the combined forests of britain francd and germany

36
Q

how does deforestation impact planet

A

impacts amount of greenhouse gases as trees usually absorb them

provide habitats for over 80% of plants and animals on land

effects are irreversible

37
Q

required practical: sampling abundance and distribution of population method

A

QUADRATS

1) an area of 20m by 20m will be marked out by cones
2) randomly throw the quadrat within the marked area
3) count and record number of targeted organisms within ur quadrat
4) repeat steps 2&3 twice more to get precise results. record your results in results table

TRANSECT

1) lay tape measure in a line from base of a tree to an open area of ground
2) put 0.5m x 0.5m quadrat against transect line. one corner of quadrat should touch 0m mark on tape measure

3) count number of planes within the quadrat and record in table

4) move quadrat 5m up transects like abd count number of plants again & record in table
5) continue to place quadrat at 5m intervals and count number of plants in each quadrat

biology gcse (5 decks)

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