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Neuroscience and Neurological Disease > Organization and Function of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Organization and Function of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Role of Nervous System

A
  1. Detects environmental changes
  2. Responds to such events
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1
Q

Definition of nervous system in animals?

A

In animals, coordinates actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

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2
Q

Two main parts of Nervous System?

A
  1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
  2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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3
Q

What are the two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System?

A
  1. Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
  2. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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4
Q

What are the two parts of the Somatic Nervous System?

A
  1. Cranial Nerves
  2. Spinal Nerves
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5
Q

What are the two parts of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A
  1. Sympathetic Division (Arousal)
  2. Parasympathetic (Calming)
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6
Q

How many pairs of Cranial Nerves?

A

Twelve pairs.

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7
Q

What do cranial nerves control?

A
  1. Afferent functions
  2. Efferent functions
  3. Both
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8
Q

What are Afferent functions?

A

Incoming sensations to the brain.

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9
Q

What are Efferent functions?

A

Outgoing sensations from the brain.

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10
Q

What do cranial nerves connect?

A

Connects the brain to internal organs.

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11
Q

What do cranial nerves do?

A

Regulates autonomic responses.

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12
Q

What do spinal nerves primarily control?

A

Control and carry information about the body, trunk & limbs.

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13
Q

Like the CNS, the SNS is?

A

Bilaterally symmetrical (mirror).

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14
Q

What are the afferent nerves of spinal cord?

A

Dorsal fibers.

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15
Q

What are the efferent nerves of the spinal cord?

A

Ventral fibers.

16
Q

What is a root?

A

Collection of fibers entering/exiting spinal cord segment.

17
Q

What is the Law of Bell & Magendie?

A

The dorsal spinal cord is sensory & ventral side is motor.

18
Q

What region does the sympathetic nervous system connect to?

A

Thoracic and lumbar spinal cord regions.

19
Q

What region does the parasympathetic nervous system connect to?

A

Cranial nerves 3, 7, and 10 and to the sacral region.

20
Q

What are vertebrae?

A

Segments of the spinal cord.

21
Q

How many anatomical regions are vertebrae divided into?

A

5-From top to bottom: cranial, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral.

22
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

Areas of skin on your body that rely on specific nerve connections on your spine (Each dermatome contains sensory nerve & motor nerves)

23
Q

What are the vertebrae sections numbered?

A

Cervical (C1 to C8)
Thoracic (T1 to T12)
Lumbar (L1 to L5)
Sacral (S1 to S5)

24
Q

Can the spinal cord act without the brain? If so how?

A

Yes:
1. Spinal reflexes
2. Automatic movements are hard for the brain to inhibit

25
Q

What is meninges?

A

The security of the brain (protection).

26
Q

What are the 3 meninges?

A
  1. Dura Mater
  2. Arachnoid Layer
  3. Pia Mater
27
Q

What is dura mater?

A

It is the outer layer that is tough and double-layered fibrous tissue. It covers the brain and spinal cord similar to a helmet.

28
Q

What is the arachnoid layer?

A

A thin sheet of delicate connective tissue. It follows the brain’s contour.

29
Q

What is pia mater?

A

A moderately tough membrane of connective tissue. It clings to the brain’s surface.

30
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges.

31
Q

How does meningitis work?

A

Bacterial infection, specifically of the pia mater and arachnoid space. Cerebral spinal fluid is also involved.

32
Q

What does meningitis cause?

A

Intracranial pressure (ICP).

33
Q

What is intracranial pressure (ICP)?

A

Inflammation puts pressure on the brain; and leads to drowsiness, delirium, or coma.

34
Q

What part are fiber nerves in?

A

Peripheral nervous system.

35
Q

Are cranial and spinal nerves functionally equivalent?

A

Yes, but they control different things.

Neuroscience and Neurological Disease (7 decks)

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