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Neuroscience and Neurological Disease > Macroanatomy > Flashcards

Macroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Motor and executive function, decision-making, planning, impulse control, etc.

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2
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Visual functions and contains the first and second cortices.

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3
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Tactile function, sensory & motor information processing.

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4
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Auditory, visual, gustatory, emotion, and memory.

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5
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A
  • Forebrain structure.
  • Has two identical hemispheres.
  • Responsible for most conscious behavior.
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6
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A
  • Control and coordination of fine motor skills;
  • Does not initiate movements, but coordinates the timing, precision, and accuracy of movements.
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7
Q

What is the brainstem?

A
  • Responsible for unconscious behaviors;
  • Structurally continuous with the spinal cord.
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8
Q

What are the gyri?

A

Bumps & ridges of the cerebral cortex.

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9
Q

What are the sulci?

A

Cracks & valleys of the cerebral cortex.

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10
Q

What are fissures?

A

Deep sulci.

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11
Q

What is the larger cortical surface area?

A

Combination of gyri and sulci. Having a larger surface area means greater cognitive function.

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12
Q

What is white matter?

A

-Nerve fibers with fatty coverings.
-Forms connections between cells.

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13
Q

What is grey matter?

A

-Largely composed of cell bodies and capillary blood vessels.
-Process information and supports behavior.

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14
Q

How many ventricles are there?

A

4 cavities.

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15
Q

What are the ventricles filled with?

A

Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).

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16
Q

What produces CSF?

A

Cells that line the walls of the ventricles called ependymal cells.

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17
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

-Over 200 million nerve fibers that connect the 2 hemispheres.
-Divides brain into cortical & subcortical regions.
-Split brain personality.
-Part of the sagittal section.

18
Q

Signaling in the brainstem?

A

-Receives afferent nerves from all the body’s senses.
-Sends efferent nerves to the spinal cord.

19
Q

What are the three regions of the brainstem?

A
  1. Hindbrain
  2. Midbrain
  3. Diencephalon (L. between brain)
20
Q

Parts of the Hindbrain?

A
  1. Cerebellum
  2. Reticular Formation
  3. Pons
  4. Medulla
21
Q

The function of pons?

A

Connects cerebellum to the rest of the brain.

22
Q

The function of the medulla?

A

Controls breathing & cardiovascular system.

23
Q

What are the parts of the midbrain?

A
  1. Tectum
  2. Tegmentum
24
Q

What is the tectum?

A

-Dorsal side of midbrain;
-Receives sensory information from the eyes and ears;
-Allows production of oriented movements (reflexive).

25
Q

What are the parts of the tegmentum?

A
  1. Red nuclei
  2. Substantia Nigra
  3. Periaqueductal grey matter
26
Q

The function of the red nuclei?

A

The motor coordination of the limbs.

27
Q

The function of the substantia nigra?

A

It initiates (voluntary) movements.

28
Q

The function of the periaqueductal grey matter?

A

Involves sexual and pain behavior.

29
Q

What are the parts of the diencephalon?

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Thalamus
30
Q

The function of the hypothalamus?

A

-Controls hormone production.
-Influences feeding, sexual behavior, sleeping, thermoregulation, emotions, hormone function, movements, and more…

31
Q

The function of the thalamus?

A

-Relay station for sensory information traveling to the cortex.
-All sensory systems send input to the thalamus.

32
Q

What are the parts of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. Caudate nucleus
  2. Putamen
  3. Globus pallidus
  4. Substantia nigra
33
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

Controls certain aspects of voluntary movements.

34
Q

What are the parts of the limbic system?

A
  1. Hippocampus
  2. Amygdala
  3. Limbic cortex
35
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus?

A
  • Memory storage, particularly spatial memories.
  • Neurogenesis.
36
Q

What is the function of the amygdala?

A
  • Negative affect.
  • Fear acquisition.
  • Memory enhancement & activation.
37
Q

What is the function of the limbic cortex?

A

Helps certain aspects of memory formation and recollection.

38
Q

What are olfactory bulbs?

A
  • Permits the sense of smell.
  • Forebrain structure.
  • Sends sensory information directly to pyriform cortex for processing.
    (Plays a very significant role in memory formation.)
39
Q

What part of the brain initiates and inhibits voluntary movements?

A

Basal Ganglia

40
Q

Is the substantial nigra in the forebrain?

A

No.

Neuroscience and Neurological Disease (7 decks)

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