Organizacia zivych systemov Flashcards

1
Q

Na co sa viaze zivot

A

Na existenciu priestorovo a casovo obmedzenych ZIVYCH jedincov

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2
Q

Podla stupna zlozitosti vnutornej organizacie sa zive sustavy=organizmy delia na:

A

nebunkove, jednobunkove, bunkove kolonie, mnohobunkove, individua vyssieho radu

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3
Q

do coho sa zdruzuju gen. pribuzne organizmy

A

populacii

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4
Q

subor gen. pribuznych populacii

A

druh

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5
Q

tie, ktore su schopne pohlav. rozmnozovania su taktiez schopne:

A

schopne krizenia a schopne mat plodne potomstvo

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6
Q

popis nebunkove org. a priklad, ako mohli vzniknut(2)

A

virusy, nukleoproteinove castice bez vlasnteho metabol. a rozmnoz iba v zivej bunke ako parazity, vznik bud redukciou alebo z najprimitivnejsich druhov

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7
Q

popis jednobunkovce a priklad, ako sa inak oznacuju, z 2 hlavnych skupin, ktore mozu byt mnohobunk?

A

mikroorg=prvoky, mikroskopicke huby, riasy, bakterie a archeony(nikdy netvoria mnohobunk. lebo su prokaryoty).- schopne vsetkych ziv. funkcii s bunkovou organizaciou, bud prokaryoticke /nukleoid) alebo eukaryoticke (prave jadro oddelene jadr. membranou)

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8
Q

Pravdepodobny vznik jednobunkovcov+vysvetlenie

A

endosymbioticka teoria, eukaryoti vznikli pohlcenim viacerych prokaryotov

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9
Q

popis bunkove kolonie a priklad, ake typy buniek by sme mohli najst

A

Volvox globator- valac gulavy-bunky po deleni pri sebe zostavuju, najprimit. len z niekolkych rovnocennych b.- od nich specializovanie, pricom bunky na opacnych poloch strukturne a funkcne odlisne a schopnost reprodukcie iba u niektorych

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10
Q

priklad mnohobunk.

A

rastliny, ziv, huby, clovek(eukaryoty), iba eukaryot. tvoria mnohobunk.

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11
Q

charak. crta mnohobunk.

A

specializovanie buniek podla funkcie, co sa premiena do strukturnych osobitosti ich tiel

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12
Q

aky princip sa uplatnuje pri specializovani buniek(akym stylom sa bunky spajaju) a ako funguje

A

hierarchicky/stupnovity organizacny princip- bunky urciteho strukturneho/funkcneho typu sa spajaju do tkaniv/plativ, ktore maju rovnake morfologicke, biochem, a funkcne vlastnosti- tie sa spajaju do organov a organizmov

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13
Q

aka ja osobitost mnohobunkovcov(ako sa odlisuju od ostatnych nizsich v ramci fyziologie?)

A

integracia/spojenie) funkcii vo vnutri org.

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14
Q

popis individua vyssieho radu (obligatne spoloc. org) a priklad

A

socialny hmyz(termity, mravce, vcely, NIE svorky, stada, criedy!)- trvala anatomicka a funckna diferenciacia jedincov

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15
Q

V com sa lisia individuaa vyssieho radu a svorka..

A

jedince individuaa v. r. nemozu existovat samostatne a existencia(trvala) zavisi od vyssieho celku

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