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Organisms Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from high to low concentrations

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2
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of molecules from high to low concentrations. Across a semi permeable membrane

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3
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of molecules from low to high concentrations. Requires ATP

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4
Q

Trachea

A

Tubes for gas exchange in insects

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5
Q

Tracheoles

A

Trachea ends in these

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6
Q

Spiracles

A

Gas enters and leaves from these

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7
Q

Gill filaments

A

Makes up the gills

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8
Q

Gill lamellae

A

Right angles to the filament. Increase surface area

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9
Q

Countercurrent flow

A

Blood and oxygen flow in different directions

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10
Q

Stomata

A

Central gas exchange in plants

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11
Q

Transpiration

A

Evaporation of water from a plant

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12
Q

Xerophytes

A

Plants which transpire

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13
Q

Water potential

A

Pressure created by water ions

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14
Q

ATP

A

Nucleotide in all living things. Made in respiration

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15
Q

Collagen

A

Fibrous protein that is the main constituent of connective tissue

Eg tendons, cartilage and bones

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16
Q

Lungs

A

Gas exchange between air and blood

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17
Q

Ribcage

A

Support and protects the lungs

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18
Q

Tracheae

A

Airway

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19
Q

Bronchi

A

Tracheae divides into 2 bronchi

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20
Q

Bronchioles

A

Bronchi branch further. They control air in and out of the alveoli

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21
Q

Alveoli

A

Minute air sacs. Gas exchange surface

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22
Q

Ventilation

A

Breathing

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23
Q

Expiration

A

Air forces out of the lungs

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24
Q

Diaphragm

A

Helps force air in/out of the lungs

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25
Internal intercostal muscles
Contraction leads to expiration
26
Inspiration
Air forced into lungs
27
External intercostal muscles
Contraction leads to inspiration
28
Enzymes
Proteins which catalyses a reaction
29
Oesophagus
Food is sent from mouth to stomach
30
Stomach
Store and digest food
31
Ileum
Long muscular tub and food is digested further
32
Large intestine
Absorbs water
33
Recruit
Faeces is stored here before excretion
34
Egestion
Faeces is removed from rectum via anus
35
Salivary gland
Turns starch into maltose
36
Pancreas
Produce pancreatic juice to break proteins, lipids and starch
37
Carbohydrase
Carbohydrates into monosaccharides
38
Lipase
Hydrolyse lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
39
Protease
Protein into amino acids
40
Amylase
Starch into maltose
41
Maltase
Maltose into alpha glucose
42
Denature
Permanent changes in the active site due to ph or temperature increase/decrease
43
Tissue fluid
Environment around the cells of multicellular organisms
44
Membrane bound disacchairdase
Turning monosaccharides into their monomers
45
Pancreatic amylase
Hydrolyses remaining starch
46
Sucrase
Hydrolyses sucrose molecule
47
Lactase
Hydrolysed lactose molecules
48
Micelles
Lipids are split into tiny droplets
49
Bile salts
These put lipid into micelles
50
Emulsification
Splitting lipids into micelles
51
Peptidases
Alternative name for protease
52
Endopeptidases
Hydrolyses peptide bond in amino acids
53
Exopeptidases
Hydrolyses peptide bonds on amino acids
54
Dipeptidases
Hydrolyses peptide bonds between 2 amino acids of a dipeptide
55
Villi
Finger like projections. Increase surface area
56
Lumen
Hollow cavity inside a tubular structure
57
Micro villi
Increase surface area for absorption
58
Chylomicrons
Triglyceride+cholesterol+lipoproteins. Join up to make this
59
Exocytosis
Outward bulk transport of materials through cell surface membrane
60
Lacteals
Chylomicrons enter lymphatic capillaries
61
Loading/associating
Haemoglobin binds to oxygen
62
Unloading/unassociating
Haemoglobin releases oxygen
63
Oxygen dissociation curve
A graph to show partial pressure of oxygen and saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen
64
Positive cooperativity
Binding to the second harm is easier than the first
65
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from high to low concentrations
66
Metabolism
All the chemical processes that occur in living organisms
67
Closed, double circulatory system
Blood goes through heart twice
68
Atrium
Collects blood
69
Ventricle
Contracts to pump blood
70
Bicuspid valve
Allows blood to flow into left ventricle
71
Tricuspid valve
Allows blood to flow into right ventricle
72
Pulmonary vessels
Vessels connected to the heart
73
Aorta
Connected to left ventricle. Carries oxygenated blood everywhere but the lungs
74
Vena cava
Connected to right atrium. Carries deoxygenated blood from tissues to the heart
75
Pulmonary artery
Connected to right ventricle. Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
76
Pulmonary vein
Connected to left atrium. Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs
77
Coronary artery
Supplies the heart with blood
78
Myocardial infarcation
Heart attack
79
Antioxidants
Chemical which reduces/prevents oxidation
80
Cardiac cycle
A heart beat
81
Systole
Contraction of heart
82
Diastole
Heart relaxes
83
Arteries
Carries blood away from the heart
84
Arterioles
Small arteries. Controls blood flow from arteries to capillaries
85
Capillaries
Link arterioles to veins
86
Veins
Carey blood from capillaries to the heart
87
Tissue fluid
The liquid which surrounds the tissue
88
Hydrostatic pressure
Pressure created by a heart beat
89
Water potential
Pressure created by water ions
90
Ultrafiltration
Filtration associated by blood pressure
91
Xylem vessels
Water is transported by hollow tubes
92
Transpiration
Water evaporates from leaves
93
Osmosis
Movement of molecules from a high to low concentration across a semi permeable membrane
94
Cohesion
Water molecules form hydrogen bonds between each other
95
Transpiration pull
Water is pulled up through xylem as result of transpiration
96
Cohesion tension theory
Transpiration pull causes a negative pressure on the xylem
97
Sources
Plants move sugars from site of production.
98
Translocation
Molecules in a plant are moved from one area to another
99
Sinks
Where plants store sugar for future use
100
Cotransport proteins
Alternate name for protein carriers
101
Isotopes
Variation of a chemical element
102
Medium
A liquid other substances can move through

Biology Keywords (4 decks)

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