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Biological Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

Covalent bonding

A

Atoms share electrons

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2
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Atoms donate electrons

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3
Q

Hydrogen bonding

A

Between oxygen and hydrogen

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4
Q

Polarised/ polar molecule

A

A molecule with an uneven distribution of charge

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5
Q

Monomers

A

Subunits which may join to make a polymer by polymerisation

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6
Q

Polymer

A

Group of monomer chemically joined together

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7
Q

Polymerisation

A

The bonding for a polymer to happen

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8
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A reaction which produces water

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9
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

Reaction which loses water

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10
Q

Molar solution

A

A solution with one mole of solute in each litre of solution

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11
Q

Monosaccharide

A

A reducing sugar in the form of a monomer, three main types

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12
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Alternate name for polymer

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13
Q

Glycosidic bond

A

Bod between 2 monosaccharides

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14
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration across a semi permeable membrane

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15
Q

Triglyceride

A

Fats and oils

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16
Q

Cell membrane

A

Surround the cell

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17
Q

Saturated

A

No double carbon bond

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18
Q

Mono unsaturated

A

One single double carbon bond

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19
Q

Polyunsaturated

A

More than one carbon double bond

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20
Q

Water potential

A

Pressure created by water molecules

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21
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Attracted to water

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22
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Repels water

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23
Q

Peptide bond

A

Bond between 2 amino acids

24
Q

Polypeptide

A

Long chain of amino acids

25
Disulphide bridges
Strong bonds in tertiary structure of proteins
26
Activation energy
Minimum amount f energy needed to start a reaction
27
Active site
Specific to a substrate
28
Substrate
The active site engulfs this
29
Enzyme substrate complex
Enzyme and substrate make this
30
Kinetic energy
Energy that an object possesses due to its motion
31
Denaturation
The enzymes active site will permanently change due to change in ph or temperature
32
Competitive inhibitor
Binds to active site of the enzyme
33
Non competitive inhibitors
Binds to the enzyme which isn't the active site
34
RNA
Single strand of DNA
35
DNA
Double help which carries genetic information
36
Mono-nucleotide
A single nucleotide
37
Phosphodiester bond
Bond between 2 nucleotide bases
38
Denucleotide
Structure formed after a phosphodiester bond
39
Polynucleotide
Long chain of nucleotide
40
Ribose
Polynucleotides must contain one of these. Sugar backbone
41
Uracil
The base adenosine pairs with during RNA
42
Complementary
The bases which HAVE to join up
43
Nuclear division
Nucleus divides
44
Meiosis
Type of cell division in gametes
45
Cytokinesis
Process where the whole cell divides
46
DNA helicase
Breaks the hydrogen bonds in DNA. Turns it into two separate chains
47
DNA polymerase
Repairs the hydrogen bonds and DNA becomes a double helix again
48
Adenine
Nucleotide base with nitrogen
49
Phosphates
Chain of 3 phosphate groups
50
ATP synthase
Enzyme which turns ADP into ATP
51
Immediate energy source
ATP is the first energy source to be used
52
Glycolysis
First part of cellular respiration. This is broken down anaerobically
53
Dipolar
A pair of equal and opposite electrical charge
54
Xylem vessel
Dead hollow tubes with lignified side walls which transports water in most plants.
55
Molecular biology
Biological molecules are particular groups of chemicals found in living organisms

Biology Keywords (4 decks)

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