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Biology Keywords > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

Covalent bonding

A

Atoms share electrons

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2
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Atoms donate electrons

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3
Q

Hydrogen bonding

A

Between oxygen and hydrogen

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4
Q

Polarised/ polar molecule

A

A molecule with an uneven distribution of charge

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5
Q

Monomers

A

Subunits which may join to make a polymer by polymerisation

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6
Q

Polymer

A

Group of monomer chemically joined together

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7
Q

Polymerisation

A

The bonding for a polymer to happen

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8
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A reaction which produces water

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9
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

Reaction which loses water

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10
Q

Molar solution

A

A solution with one mole of solute in each litre of solution

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11
Q

Monosaccharide

A

A reducing sugar in the form of a monomer, three main types

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12
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Alternate name for polymer

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13
Q

Glycosidic bond

A

Bod between 2 monosaccharides

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14
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration across a semi permeable membrane

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15
Q

Triglyceride

A

Fats and oils

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16
Q

Cell membrane

A

Surround the cell

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17
Q

Saturated

A

No double carbon bond

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18
Q

Mono unsaturated

A

One single double carbon bond

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19
Q

Polyunsaturated

A

More than one carbon double bond

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20
Q

Water potential

A

Pressure created by water molecules

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21
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Attracted to water

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22
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Repels water

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23
Q

Peptide bond

A

Bond between 2 amino acids

24
Q

Polypeptide

A

Long chain of amino acids

25
Q

Disulphide bridges

A

Strong bonds in tertiary structure of proteins

26
Q

Activation energy

A

Minimum amount f energy needed to start a reaction

27
Q

Active site

A

Specific to a substrate

28
Q

Substrate

A

The active site engulfs this

29
Q

Enzyme substrate complex

A

Enzyme and substrate make this

30
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy that an object possesses due to its motion

31
Q

Denaturation

A

The enzymes active site will permanently change due to change in ph or temperature

32
Q

Competitive inhibitor

A

Binds to active site of the enzyme

33
Q

Non competitive inhibitors

A

Binds to the enzyme which isn’t the active site

34
Q

RNA

A

Single strand of DNA

35
Q

DNA

A

Double help which carries genetic information

36
Q

Mono-nucleotide

A

A single nucleotide

37
Q

Phosphodiester bond

A

Bond between 2 nucleotide bases

38
Q

Denucleotide

A

Structure formed after a phosphodiester bond

39
Q

Polynucleotide

A

Long chain of nucleotide

40
Q

Ribose

A

Polynucleotides must contain one of these. Sugar backbone

41
Q

Uracil

A

The base adenosine pairs with during RNA

42
Q

Complementary

A

The bases which HAVE to join up

43
Q

Nuclear division

A

Nucleus divides

44
Q

Meiosis

A

Type of cell division in gametes

45
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Process where the whole cell divides

46
Q

DNA helicase

A

Breaks the hydrogen bonds in DNA. Turns it into two separate chains

47
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Repairs the hydrogen bonds and DNA becomes a double helix again

48
Q

Adenine

A

Nucleotide base with nitrogen

49
Q

Phosphates

A

Chain of 3 phosphate groups

50
Q

ATP synthase

A

Enzyme which turns ADP into ATP

51
Q

Immediate energy source

A

ATP is the first energy source to be used

52
Q

Glycolysis

A

First part of cellular respiration. This is broken down anaerobically

53
Q

Dipolar

A

A pair of equal and opposite electrical charge

54
Q

Xylem vessel

A

Dead hollow tubes with lignified side walls which transports water in most plants.

55
Q

Molecular biology

A

Biological molecules are particular groups of chemicals found in living organisms

Biology Keywords (4 decks)

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