Organism of organisms

Question 1

How would you define “cell”

Answer 1

cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life

Question 2

Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organells are called?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic cells

Question 3

How to calculate the actual size of a specimen?

Answer 3

image size
__________
magnification

Question 4

What is the purpose of the vesicles?

Answer 4

vesicles transport materials in the cell

Question 5

what is the function of Nucleus & DNA ?

Answer 5

the nucleus contains the genetic material in the form of DNA which codes for proteins. DNA replications also occurs in the nucleus>

Question 6

What does the mitochondria do?

Answer 6

mitochondria is the site of respiration. Provides energy for the cell to function.

Question 7

where is the rough endoplasmic reticulum located?

Answer 7

the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) surrounds the nucleus and ribosomes are attached to it

Question 8

what is the vacuole and which organism is it present in ?

Answer 8

the vacuole is a fluid filled sac present in animals and plants containing mineral salts, sugars, ammino acids, waste substances and pigments which color the cell and attract pollinating insects

Question 9

What is the purpose of chloroplasts?

Answer 9

Chloroplasts is the site of photosynthesis, which allows plants to convert light energy to glucose

Question 10

What role does the cell wall play in plants?

Answer 10

cell wall gives the cell structure and prevents bursting. It also controls what enters and exits the cell

Question 11

What are the levels of organisms and explain them in order

Answer 11

Tissue: a group of similar cells working together to carry out a particular purpose.
Organ: a group of similar tissues working together to carry out specific functions
Organ system: group of related organs working together to carry out functions in the body.

Question 12

How do ciliated cells function?

Answer 12

ciliated cells are found in the lining of the trachea. They have hair like projections called cilia which move together to transport mucus, dust and bacteria upwards to the throat

Question 13

How are root hair cells adapted?

Answer 13

Root hair cells are adapted to have a large surface area. This increases the speed of the rate of the reaction of osmosis and mineral ions uptake in plants.

Question 14

What are xylem vessels, what is the structure of it and what purpose does it play in plants?

Answer 14

Xylem vessels are used to transport water through plants in transpiration. The xylem is made out of hallowed out dead cells that have their ends removed to make a tube for water to pass throug. They have a thick cell wall to provide structural strength and are thin to allow capillary action.

Question 15

what purpose does the palisade mesophyll cells play in plants?

Answer 15

This is where photosynthesis occurs. Mesophyll cells are tall and closely packed together to effectively absorb sunlight and contains lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis. They are also placed on top of the leaf where the most light hits enabling them to absorb as much light energy as possible.

Question 16

How are nerve cells adapted ?

Answer 16

nerve cells are adapted to rapidly transmit electrical impulses. Nerve cells are myelinated, which insulates the cells and prevents the impulse weakening and slowing down. They also contain lots of mitochondria to provide energy. Dendrites have a large surface area and are branched to receive impulses from many other neurons.

Question 17

how does the red blood cell adapt to carry oxygen around the body?

Answer 17

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which allows them to carry oxygen throughout the body. they have a biconcave shape which increases their surface area, allowing for rapid diffusion, they have a thin cell membrane which decreases the diffusion distance and they do not contain a nucleus, thus having more space for oxygen.

Question 18

Explain how the sperm cells are adapted?

Answer 18

Sperm cells are adapted by containing lots of mitochondria so that the cell has enough energy to reach the egg cell. It has a tail to allow movement and contains digestive enzymes to penetrate the egg cell membrane.

Question 19

1mm = x micro meters
1cm = x micro meters

Answer 19

1mm = 1000 micro meters
1cm = 10000 micro meters