Classification of living organisms Flashcards
Movement
living organisms are able to move all or part of themselves animals can move to find food or escape predators, whist plants can move their leaves to catch more sunlight.
Respiration
this is a series of chemical reactions that occurs in cells, leading to the breakdown of nutrient molecules to release energy for metabolism
Sensitivity
living organisms can detect changes in their internal or external environments and respond to these changes
Growth
organisms grow, leading to a permanent increase in their size, this can be measured through dry mass, cell number or number of cells
Reproduction
living organisms reproduce to create more organisms of their kind
Excretion
waste products from metabolic reactions are removed from the organisms. This includes toxic materials, excess substances and carbon dioxide from respiration
Nutrition
organisms take in materials for development. These materials are used in chemical reactions to produce growth and repair. Animals require organic compounds ions and water. Whereas plants take in light, carbon dioxide, water and ions for use in photosynthesis
Are viruses classified as living things, if not why?
viruses are not classified as living as they do not have the ability to complete these life processes. Viruses are non-cellular and consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat.
How does a virus attack another living organism?
When they reach the target cell, they inject their genetic material into the cell which is then replicated to produce the virus, This harms the target cell which is then unable to function normally
How are organisms classified?
organisms are classified by ‘Evolutionary relationships’ Thesse can be found by studying physical characteristics and DNA base sequence.
How were organisms classified before the advancement of technology?
traditionally, organisms were categorized based on morphology and anatomy. The structure of bones and organs were studied through dissections and organisms were grouped based on similarities.
What are the five kingdoms?
animal, plant, fungus, prokaryotes and protoctista.
What are the features of the cytoplasm?
a jelly-like material within the cell in which chemical reactions occur. The cytoplasm contains organelles such as the ribosomes and nucleus, etc
What are the features of the cell membrane?
a thin membrane that surrounds the cell. It contains entry and exit of substances
what are the features of the DNA?
genetic material contained in the nucleus which codes for protein.
what is the feature of the ribosome?
site of protein synthesis
Enzymes
catalyse reactions such as respiration in the cell
Within the animal kingdom, how are organisms further categorized, explain them and give some examples?
Within the animal kingdom, organisms are further categorized into vertebrates and arthropods. Vertebrates are animals with a backbone such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. Arthropods do not have a backbone and are identified through their exoskeleton and segmented body. Arthropods include myriapods, insects, arachinds and crustaceans
In how many parts is the plant kingdom divided into and what are they?
the plant kingdom is divided into 2 parts, flowering plants and non flowering plants
What are the sub divisions of flowering plants?
Dicotyledons and monocotyledons.
How do non flowering plants reproduce?
Non flowering plants such as ferns reproduce through spores rather than by producing seeds
what naming system do organisms use and explain it?
Organisms are names using the binomical system. This system uses their latin names and consists of two words. The first refers to the organisms genus, and the second to its species.
