Classification of living organisms

Question 1

Movement

Answer 1

living organisms are able to move all or part of themselves animals can move to find food or escape predators, whist plants can move their leaves to catch more sunlight.

Question 2

Respiration

Answer 2

this is a series of chemical reactions that occurs in cells, leading to the breakdown of nutrient molecules to release energy for metabolism

Question 3

Sensitivity

Answer 3

living organisms can detect changes in their internal or external environments and respond to these changes

Question 4

Growth

Answer 4

organisms grow, leading to a permanent increase in their size, this can be measured through dry mass, cell number or number of cells

Question 5

Reproduction

Answer 5

living organisms reproduce to create more organisms of their kind

Question 6

Excretion

Answer 6

waste products from metabolic reactions are removed from the organisms. This includes toxic materials, excess substances and carbon dioxide from respiration

Question 7

Nutrition

Answer 7

organisms take in materials for development. These materials are used in chemical reactions to produce growth and repair. Animals require organic compounds ions and water. Whereas plants take in light, carbon dioxide, water and ions for use in photosynthesis

Question 8

Are viruses classified as living things, if not why?

Answer 8

viruses are not classified as living as they do not have the ability to complete these life processes. Viruses are non-cellular and consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat.

Question 9

How does a virus attack another living organism?

Answer 9

When they reach the target cell, they inject their genetic material into the cell which is then replicated to produce the virus, This harms the target cell which is then unable to function normally

Question 10

How are organisms classified?

Answer 10

organisms are classified by ‘Evolutionary relationships’ Thesse can be found by studying physical characteristics and DNA base sequence.

Question 11

How were organisms classified before the advancement of technology?

Answer 11

traditionally, organisms were categorized based on morphology and anatomy. The structure of bones and organs were studied through dissections and organisms were grouped based on similarities.

Question 12

What are the five kingdoms?

Answer 12

animal, plant, fungus, prokaryotes and protoctista.

Question 13

What are the features of the cytoplasm?

Answer 13

a jelly-like material within the cell in which chemical reactions occur. The cytoplasm contains organelles such as the ribosomes and nucleus, etc

Question 14

What are the features of the cell membrane?

Answer 14

a thin membrane that surrounds the cell. It contains entry and exit of substances

Question 15

what are the features of the DNA?

Answer 15

genetic material contained in the nucleus which codes for protein.

Question 16

what is the feature of the ribosome?

Answer 16

site of protein synthesis

Question 17

Enzymes

Answer 17

catalyse reactions such as respiration in the cell

Question 18

Within the animal kingdom, how are organisms further categorized, explain them and give some examples?

Answer 18

Within the animal kingdom, organisms are further categorized into vertebrates and arthropods. Vertebrates are animals with a backbone such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. Arthropods do not have a backbone and are identified through their exoskeleton and segmented body. Arthropods include myriapods, insects, arachinds and crustaceans

Question 19

In how many parts is the plant kingdom divided into and what are they?

Answer 19

the plant kingdom is divided into 2 parts, flowering plants and non flowering plants

Question 20

What are the sub divisions of flowering plants?

Answer 20

Dicotyledons and monocotyledons.

Question 21

How do non flowering plants reproduce?

Answer 21

Non flowering plants such as ferns reproduce through spores rather than by producing seeds

Question 22

what naming system do organisms use and explain it?

Answer 22

Organisms are names using the binomical system. This system uses their latin names and consists of two words. The first refers to the organisms genus, and the second to its species.