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Biology paper 1 > Organising Animals And Plants > Flashcards

Organising Animals And Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

Cellular respiration

A

-RBC contains red pigmentation, haemoglobin, which combines with oxygen to become oxyhemoglobin.
-Once RBC reaches tissues, oxyhemoglobin splits back into haemoglobin and oxygen so it’s able to diffuse into our cells.

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2
Q

What are the 4 mains things blood consists of?

A

-red blood cell
-white blood cell
-platelets
-plasma

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3
Q

Aveoli adaptation

A
  • very thin walls
  • large surface area
  • good blood supply
  • moist walls = allow gases to dissolve
    and diffuse easily
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4
Q

Arteries adaptations

A
  • High pressure
  • Thick middle layer = muscle tissue
  • muscle tissue = strength and direct
    blood flow
  • elastic tissue = stretch and recoil
  • narrow lumen
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5
Q

Red blood cells adaptations

A
  • no nucleus = more room to carry
    oxygen
  • shaped as a biconcave disc = large
    surface area for absorbing O2
  • small & flexible = fit through narrow
    vessels
  • thin membrance so gases can easily
    diffuse
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6
Q

How do white blood cells defend us from pathogens

A
  • Phagocytosis = engulf pathogen
  • Antibodies = bind onto pathogens
  • Antitoxins = neutralise any toxins
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7
Q

Platelets function

A

Help blood to clot at a wound = stops blood from bleeding and microorganisms from getting in

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8
Q

Artificial blood

A
  • salt water
  • adds volume = keeps vessel full
    keeping our heart pumping
  • on replace 1/3 of our blood as it does
    not consists of rbc
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9
Q

Blood transfusion

A

donated from another person

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10
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

When the coronary arteries start to get block b the build up of layers of fatty material

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11
Q

What are the 2 main treatments for coronary heart disease

A
  • stents
  • statins
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12
Q

stent

A

An a expandable tube inside artery to hold open = blood can keep flowing

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13
Q

benefits of stent

A
  • surgery quick
  • effective for the long-term
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14
Q

issues of stent

A
  • require surgery = infection, heart
    attack
  • blood clot near stent
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15
Q

statin

A

Alters the balance of cholesterol in the bloodstream
- decreases LDL and increases HDL

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16
Q

issues of statins

A
  • taken regularly
  • side effects - headaches, kidney failure
17
Q

Where about is the stomata in the leaf?

A

Lower epidermis

18
Q

Where does the CO2 go after diffusing through the stomata?

A

enters the spongy mesophyll

19
Q

Spongy mesophyll

A

Contains big air spaces to allow gases to diffuse through

20
Q

Palisade mesophyll

A

Where most of photosynthesis happens
- palisade cells filled with chloroplasts

21
Q

Upper epidermis

A

Transparant so light can pass through to the palisade layer

22
Q

after glucose is produce in the palisade mesophyll where does it go?

A

Through the phloem

23
Q

How does the leaf reduce water loss

A
  • Waxy cuticle on top
  • Stomata kept open for a short amount of time
24
Q

Adaptations of guard cells

A
  • When there is a lot of water in the leaf, the
    guard cells become turgid making the gap
    larger for more co2
  • When the plant is short in water, the guard
    cells lose water due to osmosis ( flaccid)
    making it close and the plant no longer takes in
    CO2 but conserve it’s water vapour
  • sensitive to light so they close at night
25
Q

meristem tissue

A

Made up of plant stem cells and is found at the tips of shoots and roots

26
Q

tanslocation

A

Phloem tubes (made from living) transport food substances (dissolved sugars) from the leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use (growth) or for storage
- transport both directions

27
Q

phloem tube adaptations

A

Has small pores in the end walls allowing cell sap to flow through

28
Q

Xylem adaptation

A
  • Made from dead cells
  • no ends
  • strengthened by lignin
29
Q

transpiration

A

The movement of water from the roots to through the xylem and out of the leaves.

30
Q

What are the 4 factors of transpiration

A
  • light intensity
  • temperature
  • air flow
  • humidity
31
Q

Light intesity affects on tanspiration

A
  • brighter light = more photosynthesis
  • stomata has to be open for co2
  • more water can evaporate
  • higher rate of transpiration
32
Q

temperature affects of transpiration

A
  • warmer = higher rate
  • the water particles will have more energy and
    more likely to evaporate
33
Q
A

Biology paper 1 (7 decks)

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