communicable diseases Flashcards
Health
The state of physical and mental wellbeing
Disease
Conditions that can cause ill health
risk factors
Increases the chance that a person will develop a certain disease
Tumours
When a group of cells undergo an uncontrolled growth and division
What are the 2 types of tumours
Benign and malignant
Which one of the 2 types of tumours are cancerous
malignant
benign
Tumour grows in one place until there’s no room
malignent
- Tumour grows and spreads to neighboring
healthy tissues - Cells can break off and spread to other parts
of the body through the bloodstream - theses cells than invade healthy tissues
elsewhere and form secondary tumours
Pathogens
Microorganisms that can cause disease
What are the 4 things pathogen could be?
- bacteria
- viruses
- fungi
- protists
Ways in which pathogens can spread
- water
- air
- direct contact
How to stop pathogens from spreading
- washing hands
- destroying vectors
- isolating infected individuals
- vaccination
virus
- reproduce rapidly
- cell will then burst releasing the virus
to more cells - cell damage is what makes us ill
How are measles spread
By droplets from an infected person’s sneeze or cough
Measles symptoms
- red rash across body
- fever
How is HIV spread
through sexual contact or by exchanging body fluids.
HIV symptoms
- fever
- tiredness
- aches
- then feels better
What is the treatment for HIV/AIDS
Antiretroviral drugs
What are the risk factors of cancer?
- smoking = lung cancer
- obesity
- UV exposure = skin cancer
- Viral infections
As a risk facter to disease, how can smoking affect the body?
damages the walls of arteries and the cells in the lining of the lungs
What happens if a pregnant woman smokes?
it reduces the amount of oxygen the baby receives
What happens if you drink too much alcohol?
- liver disease
- liver breaks down alcohol but
damages its cell in the process - can damage nerve cells in the brain
making it lose its volume
What are carcinogens?
certain substances or radiation that can cause cancer
How does bacteria make us feel ill?
producing toxins that damages cells and tissues
What are the symptoms of salmonella
- fever
- stomach cramps
- diarrhea
- vomiting
Gonorrhea symptoms
- Pain when urinating
- Thick yellow discharge
What are the prevention of gonorrhea
- avoiding unsafe sex
- barrier methods of contraception
What are the treatments to gonorrhea
- antibiotic (penicillin)
- strains of gonorrhea has become
resistant
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