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Biosci 107 > Organisation of the human body odds and ends > Flashcards

Organisation of the human body odds and ends Flashcards

1
Q

Function of cutaneous membrane

A 
Epidermis
-Protection of
-Vitamin D production
Dermis
-Feeds epidermis
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2
Q

Function of hypodermis

A

Fat storage

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3
Q

Function of sebaceous glands

A

Lubrication of epidermis and hair shaft - removes waste

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4
Q

Function of skeletal muscles

A 
Enables movement
Sphincters
Heat
Support
Protection
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5
Q

Functions of tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone

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6
Q

Functions of appeneuroses

A

Connect muscle to muscle

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7
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Hyaline

Fibro

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8
Q

Structure of axial skeleton

A 
Skull, 
Vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
Sternum
Supporting cartilages, ligaments
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9
Q

Function of axial skeleton

A

Protects brain and spinal cord, sense
organs, and soft tissues of thorax
Supports body weight over lower limbs

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10
Q

Function of appendicular skeleton

A

Provides internal support and
positioning of the external limbs;
supports and enables muscles to
move the axial skeleton

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11
Q

Function of bone

A

Stores minerals

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12
Q

Function of bone marrow

A

Red
-RBC production
-usually in flat bones e.g pelvis, sternum, skull, ribs; lose some of this with aging.
Yellow
-Stores of fat cells usually found in medullary cavity of long bones; increases with aging; turns yellow to red after major bleeding

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13
Q

Function of brain

A

COMPLEX integrative activities

Both voluntary and involuntary

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14
Q

Function of spinal cord

A

Relays info to brain

Less complex integrative activities e.g reflex arc

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15
Q

What are special senses

A

Sensory input to brain relating to sight, hearing, smell and taste and equilibrium

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16
Q

Function of peripheral nervous system

A

Links CNS to other systems and sense organs

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17
Q

Pineal gland function

A

Day night rhytmns

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18
Q

Thyroid gland

Parathyroid gland

A

Metabolic rate

Calcium levels

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19
Q

Thymus function

A

Maturation of lymphocytes
Controls development and maintenance of the T cell
lymphocytes

20
Q

Hypothalamus/pituitary gland function

A

Controls many other glands
Regulates growth
Regulates fluid levels

21
Q

Adrenal glands function

A 
Water and mineral balance (e.g. aldosterone)
Tissue metabolism (cortisol)
Cardio. and Resp. function (adrenaline)
22
Q

Pancreas function

A

Blood glucose

23
Q

Gonads function

A

Sexual characteristics and

reproduction

24
Q

Kidneys (due to
major hormone
producing cells)

A

Red blood cell production
Blood pressure up
Calcium levels

25
Q

What is IGF

A

An insulin like growth hormone

26
Q

What is gigantism

A

Too much GH from childhood

27
Q

What is acromegaly

A

Too much GH as an adult

28
Q

Function of lymph nodes

A

Monitor composition of lymph
Defence: Engulf pathogens
Stimulate immune response
(e.g. lymphadenopathy

29
Q

Function of spleen

A 
Monitors circulation blood cells
Engulfs pathogens
Recycle red blood cells
Stimulates immune response
Like a large lymph nod
30
Q

Function of blood

A 
Transport of Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Transport nutrients and hormones
Remove waste
Temperature regulation
Defence against illness (immune cells)
Acid base balance (-HCO3)
31
Q

Function of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

A

Filter, warm and humidify air

Detect smells

32
Q

Function of pharynx

A

Conducts air to larynx

33
Q

Function of larynx

A

Protects opening to trachea and contains vocal cords for vocalisation

34
Q

Function of trachea

A

Conducts air

Kept open by cartilage

35
Q

Function of bronchi

A

Conducts air between trachea and lungs

36
Q

Function of lungs

A

Air movement
Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli
Acid base control

37
Q

Function of kidneys

A

Form and concentrate urine
Regulate pH and ions
Blood volume and blood pressure
Endocrine function

38
Q

What is erythropoietin

A

A glycoprotein hormone produced by the

interstitial fibroblasts in kidney

39
Q

What is the function of erythropoietin

A

It signals for erythropoiesis in bone marrow.
The increased activity of a Hemocytoblasts (RBC stem
cell) causes more RBC production which allows the
blood to have a greater carrying capacity for oxygen.

40
Q

Function of epididymis

A

Sperm maturation

41
Q

Function of ductus deferens

A

Transport sperm from epididymis

42
Q

Function of seminal and prostate glands

A

Production of seminal fluid

43
Q

Function of testes/ovaries

A

Production of oocytes/sperm and hormones

44
Q

Function of uterine tubes

A

Deliver oocyte

Site of fertilisation

45
Q

Function of mammary glands

A

Nutrition for new-born

Also part of integumentary system

Biosci 107 (7 decks)

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