Organisation of the human body odds and ends Flashcards
Function of cutaneous membrane
Epidermis -Protection of -Vitamin D production Dermis -Feeds epidermis
Function of hypodermis
Fat storage
Function of sebaceous glands
Lubrication of epidermis and hair shaft - removes waste
Function of skeletal muscles
Enables movement Sphincters Heat Support Protection
Functions of tendons
Connect muscle to bone
Functions of appeneuroses
Connect muscle to muscle
Types of cartilage
Hyaline
Fibro
Structure of axial skeleton
Skull, Vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx Sternum Supporting cartilages, ligaments
Function of axial skeleton
Protects brain and spinal cord, sense
organs, and soft tissues of thorax
Supports body weight over lower limbs
Function of appendicular skeleton
Provides internal support and
positioning of the external limbs;
supports and enables muscles to
move the axial skeleton
Function of bone
Stores minerals
Function of bone marrow
Red
-RBC production
-usually in flat bones e.g pelvis, sternum, skull, ribs; lose some of this with aging.
Yellow
-Stores of fat cells usually found in medullary cavity of long bones; increases with aging; turns yellow to red after major bleeding
Function of brain
COMPLEX integrative activities
Both voluntary and involuntary
Function of spinal cord
Relays info to brain
Less complex integrative activities e.g reflex arc
What are special senses
Sensory input to brain relating to sight, hearing, smell and taste and equilibrium
Function of peripheral nervous system
Links CNS to other systems and sense organs
Pineal gland function
Day night rhytmns
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Metabolic rate
Calcium levels
Thymus function
Maturation of lymphocytes
Controls development and maintenance of the T cell
lymphocytes
Hypothalamus/pituitary gland function
Controls many other glands
Regulates growth
Regulates fluid levels
Adrenal glands function
Water and mineral balance (e.g. aldosterone) Tissue metabolism (cortisol) Cardio. and Resp. function (adrenaline)
Pancreas function
Blood glucose
Gonads function
Sexual characteristics and
reproduction
Kidneys (due to
major hormone
producing cells)
Red blood cell production
Blood pressure up
Calcium levels
What is IGF
An insulin like growth hormone
What is gigantism
Too much GH from childhood
What is acromegaly
Too much GH as an adult
Function of lymph nodes
Monitor composition of lymph
Defence: Engulf pathogens
Stimulate immune response
(e.g. lymphadenopathy
Function of spleen
Monitors circulation blood cells Engulfs pathogens Recycle red blood cells Stimulates immune response Like a large lymph nod
Function of blood
Transport of Oxygen and carbon dioxide Transport nutrients and hormones Remove waste Temperature regulation Defence against illness (immune cells) Acid base balance (-HCO3)
Function of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
Filter, warm and humidify air
Detect smells
Function of pharynx
Conducts air to larynx
Function of larynx
Protects opening to trachea and contains vocal cords for vocalisation
Function of trachea
Conducts air
Kept open by cartilage
Function of bronchi
Conducts air between trachea and lungs
Function of lungs
Air movement
Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli
Acid base control
Function of kidneys
Form and concentrate urine
Regulate pH and ions
Blood volume and blood pressure
Endocrine function
What is erythropoietin
A glycoprotein hormone produced by the
interstitial fibroblasts in kidney
What is the function of erythropoietin
It signals for erythropoiesis in bone marrow.
The increased activity of a Hemocytoblasts (RBC stem
cell) causes more RBC production which allows the
blood to have a greater carrying capacity for oxygen.
Function of epididymis
Sperm maturation
Function of ductus deferens
Transport sperm from epididymis
Function of seminal and prostate glands
Production of seminal fluid
Function of testes/ovaries
Production of oocytes/sperm and hormones
Function of uterine tubes
Deliver oocyte
Site of fertilisation
Function of mammary glands
Nutrition for new-born
Also part of integumentary system
