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Biosci 107 > Connective tissues > Flashcards

Connective tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Differences between CT and epithelia

A

CT not found on body surfaces

CT is highly vascular (except cartilage)

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2
Q

Similarities between CT and epithelia

A

Presence of nerves (except cartilage)

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3
Q

What is CT made up of

A

ECM and cells

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4
Q

What is ECM made up of

A

Ground substance and fibres

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5
Q

What is ground substance made up of

A

Water
Proteins
Polysaccharides

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6
Q

Features of a glycosaminoglycan

A

Long and unbranched polysaccharide
Repeating disaccharide units
Highly polar and attract water

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7
Q

Examples of sulphated GAG’s

A

Dermatan sulphate
Heparin sulphate
Keratan sukphate
Chondroitin sukphate

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8
Q

Example of non-sulphated GAG

A

Hyaluronic acid

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9
Q

What are proteoglycans made up of

A

Protein and GAG

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10
Q

General function of GAG’s

A

Trap water, making ground substance more jelly-like

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11
Q

Purpose of hyaluronic acid

A

Viscous slippery substance binds cells together, lubricates joints and maintains shape of eyeball
Does not bind to protein

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12
Q

What produces hyaluronidase and why

A

Sperm, WBC and some bacteria

Makes ground fluid more watery so they can move more easily

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13
Q

Function of chondroitin sulphate

A

Support and provide adhesive features of cartilae, bone, skin, and blood vessels

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14
Q

Location of keratan sulphate

A

Bone, cartilage, cornea of eye

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15
Q

Location of dermatan sulphate

A

Found in skin, tendons, blood vessels, heart valves

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16
Q

Abnormal Periorbital ECM and thyroid disease (Exopthalmos) causes

A

Autoimmune over-activation of thyroid

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17
Q

Abnormal Periorbital ECM and thyroid disease (Exopthalmos) symptoms

A

Goitre

Bulging eyes

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18
Q

3 different protein fibres of ECM

A

Collagen
Reticular fibres
Elastic fibres

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19
Q

Features of collagen

A

Strong and flexible
Abundant
Parallel bundles

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20
Q

Features of Reticular fibres

A

Composed of collagen covered with a glycoprotein in fine bundles that form networks
Made by fibroblasts
Strength and support
Part of basement membrane

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21
Q

Where are reticular fibres found

A

Adipose tissue, nerve fibres, smooth muscle tissues

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22
Q

Features of elastic fibres

A

Thinner than collagen
Fibrous network
Consist of elastin surrounded by fibrillin to give strength and stability
Can stretch by 150%

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23
Q

Where are elastic fibres found

A

Skin, blood vessels, lungs

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24
Q

Cause and symptoms of Marfan syndrome

A

Dominant mutation of chromosome 15 in gene coding for fibrillin
Sufferers are often tall, long-limbed, and have chest deformity
Have weak artery walls and heart valves

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25
Q

Connective tissue cell types

A 
Fibroblasts
Adipocytes
Macrophages
Plasma cells
Mast cells
Leukocytes
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26
Q

Function and location of fibroblasts

A

Widely distributed and migratory

Secrete fibres and ground substance

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27
Q

Function and location of adipocytes

A

Found under skin and around organs

Store triglycerides

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28
Q

Function and location of macrophages

A

Fixed dust cells (lungs) kupffer cells (liver) and langerhan cells (skin)
Wandering in CT to sites of infection/inflammation

29
Q

Function and location of plasma cells

A

Produce antibodies

Gut, lungs, salivary glands, lymph nodes, spleen

30
Q

Function and location of mast cells

A

Produce histamines

Found alongside blood vessels

31
Q

Function and location and leukocytes

A

WBC

Migrate from blood

32
Q

Two types of connective tissue

A

Embryonic

Mature

33
Q

Function of mesenchyme tissue

A

Gives rise to all other CT

34
Q

Structure of mesenchyme tissue

A

Consists of mesenchymal cells in a semi-fluid ground substance of reticular fibres

35
Q

Function of mucous tissue

A

Support umbilical cord

36
Q

Structure of mucous tissue

A

Widely scattered fibroblasts in jelly ground substance

37
Q

3 fibres in loose areolar tissue

A

Collagen
Reticular
Elastic

38
Q

Location and function of loose areolar tissue

A

Widely distributed packing material

Strength, elasticity, support

39
Q

Structure and types of loose adipose tissue

A 
Mainly adipocytes (central triglyceride drop)
White adipose: energy storage
Brown adipose (mainly in children): heat production
40
Q

Structure of reticular connective tissue

A

Fine interlacing network of reticular fibres and cells

41
Q

Location of reticular CT

A

Stroma (framework) of spleen, liver, lymph nodes

42
Q

Function of reticular CT

A

Binds smooth muscle cells

Filters and removes worn-out blood cells

43
Q

Structure and location of dense regular CT

A

Regularly arranged collagen
Shiny white colour
Tendons, ligaments, appeneuroses

44
Q

Structure and function of dense irregular CT

A

Irregularly arranged collagen
Occurs in sheets
Tensile strength in many directions

45
Q

Structure and function of elastic CT

A

Predominantly elastic fibres with fibroblasts between
Yellowish colour
Allows stretching of various organs

46
Q

Structure and function of hyaline cartilage

A

Fibres not obvious
Resilient gel
Relatively weak
Flexibility and movement

47
Q

What are chrondocytes

A

Mature cartilage cells

48
Q

Structure and function of fibrocartilage

A

Chrondocytes among thick collagen bundles in ECM
Support and join structures
Strongest cartilage

49
Q

Structure and function of elastic cartilage

A

Chrondocytes in threadlike network of elastic fibres
Found in epiglottis
Provides strength and elasticity

50
Q

2 types of bone tissue

A

Osseous

Compact

51
Q

Structure and function of compact bone

A

Composed of osteons
Covers outer layers of bone
Store Ca and P

52
Q

Structure and function spongy bone

A

Porous
Lies under compact bone
No osteons
Yellow and red marrow

53
Q

What are osteogenic cells

A

Mesenchymal stem cells that develop, starts to lay
down collagen; become trapped and become
osteoblasts

54
Q

What are osteoblasts

A

Bone forming cells. They lay down collagen,

and cause mineralization process to start

55
Q

What are osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts trapped within the extracellular matrix. Many gap junctions

56
Q

What are the function of osteocytes

A

They maintain bone tissue through exchange of nutrients and waste products

57
Q

Features and function of osteoclasts

A

Large
Multinucleated
Formed from fusion of monocytes
Break down bone

58
Q

4 parts of osteons

A

Canaliculi
Lacunae
Lamellae
Central haversian canal

59
Q

How are osteons arranged

A

Along axis of stress

60
Q

Structure of lamellae

A

Concentric rings of mineral salts (e.g Ca2(PO4)3 or Ca(OH)2 which combine to give hydroxyapatite) for hardness and collagen

61
Q

What are lacunae

A

Small spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

62
Q

What are canaliculi

A

Minute canals that radiate from lacunae and provide routes for oxygen, nutrients and waste.

63
Q

What is the central Haversian canal

A

Blood
Lymph
Nerves

64
Q

Function of osteoclasts

A

Reabsorb dead bone

Remodel new bone

65
Q

Function of osteoblasts

A

Lay down new bone

66
Q

Function of chondroblasts

A

Lay down hyaline cartilage callus

67
Q

Contents of blood

A

Plasma

Formed elements

68
Q

What are formed elements

A 
Euthrocytes 
Neutrophils/monocytes
Basophils/mast cells
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
Platelets

Biosci 107 (7 decks)

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