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Biosci 107 > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

Key functions of epithelia

A

Selective barriers
Secretory
Protection

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2
Q

Cell junctions

A 
Tight junction
Desmosome
Hemidesmosome
Adherens junction
Gap junction
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3
Q

What are intermediate filaments made of

A

Keratin

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4
Q

What are microfilaments made of

A

Actin

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5
Q

Function of cytoskeleton

A

Strength, alter cell shape; link cytoplasm to membrane; tie cells together; muscle contraction

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6
Q

Features of tight junctions

A

Transmembrane sealing strands
Claudins and occludins key proteins
Join to actin and bind cytoskeletons of adjacent cells together
Electrically tight

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7
Q

Features of adherens junctions

A

More basal than tight junctions
Plaque layer of proteins on inside of cell
Cadherins span gap
Cadherins linked to actin by catenins

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8
Q

Function of adherens junction

A

Prevent separation of cells during contraction

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9
Q

Where do desmosome junctions occur

A

Lateral walls

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10
Q

Function of desmosomes

A

Resist shearing forces

e.g in cardiac muscle and epidermis

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11
Q

Features of desmosomes

A

Cadherins span gap

Cadherins attach to keratin which stretches across cell to desmosome on other side

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12
Q

Function of gap junctions

A

Direct connection between cells
Allow diffusion of material (1kDa)
Allow electrical signalling

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13
Q

Features of gap junctions

A

6 connexin proteins form a connexon/hemichannel

2 connexons form a gap junction

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14
Q

Function of hemidesmosome

A

Anchor basal surface to basement membrane

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15
Q

Features of hemidesmosomes

A

Integrin as transmembrane protein

Attaches to keratin in the cytoplasm and laminin in the basement membrane

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16
Q

Two structures of the basement membrane

A

Basal lamina

Reticular lamina

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17
Q

Formation and contents of basal lamina

A 
Secreted by epithelial cells
Laminins
Collagen
Proteoglycans
Glycoproteins
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18
Q

Formation and contents of reticular lamina

A

Secreted by firoblasts

Fibrous proteins e.g fibronectin and collagen

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19
Q

Function of basement membrane

A

Support of overlying epithelium
Acts as surface along which cells can migrate during growth or healing
Filtration in kidneys

20
Q

Cancer vs basement membrane

A

If a carcinoma pierces the basement membrane, chances of metastasis increase

21
Q

ABCD of cancerous mole

A

Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Colour
Diametre

22
Q

Types of epithelial tissue

A

Glandular

Lining/covering

23
Q

Arrangements of epithelium and explanation

A

Simple - Single layer (absorption/secretion)
Stratified - multiple layers (protection)
Pseudostratified - Appears to have multiple layers (secretion)

24
Q

Shapes of epithelium and general function

A

Squamous - diffusion
Cuboidal - Secretion/absorption
Columnar - Secretion/absorption
Transitional - Allow stretch

25
Q

Features, appearance, and function of simple squamous epithelium

A

Most delicate
Irregular shaped, like a jigsaw
Filtration, secretion, diffusion

26
Q

Special subtypes of simple squamous

A

Mesothelium - Lining of pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities
Endothelium - Inside lining of blood and lymphatic vessels

27
Q

Location of simple squamous

A

Bowman’s capsule
Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
Alveoli
Visceral cavity linings

28
Q

Feature of simple cuboidal

A

Secretion and absorption

Appear as hexagonal or cuboidal boxes

29
Q

Location of simple cuboidal

A 
Pancreatic ducts
Parts of kidney tubules
Smaller ducts 
Secretion chambers of thyroid
Eyes
30
Q

Features and appearance of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Larger cytoplasm, so more organelles
Rectangular
Elongated nucleus near base of cell

31
Q

Two major subtypes of columnar epithelium

A

Ciliated

Non-ciliated

32
Q

Features and location of non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Microvili on apical surface
Goblet cells present
Found in gastrointestinal tract and gall bladder

33
Q

Function of non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Secretion
Lubrication
Absorption

34
Q

Function of ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Synchronous movement helps move foreign matter

35
Q

Features and location of ciliated columnar epithelium

A

Also have goblet cells

Found in bronchioles, Fallopian tubes, sinuses, central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain

36
Q

Features and function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Located at areas of high mechanical stress
Protects against microbes
Lower layers may be cuboidal while higher layers are flat

37
Q

Subtypes of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Keratinised - skin

Non-keratinised - mouth, throat, tongue, anus oesophagus, vagina

38
Q

Features of pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

A

Not all cells reach apical surface
Nuclei at different levels
Can be ciliated or non-ciliated

39
Q

Function and location of ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

A

Goblet cells present
Secrete and move mucus
Found in respiratory tract

40
Q

Function and location of non-ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

A

No goblet cells
Absorption and secretion
Found in epididymis and part of male urethra

41
Q

Function and location of stratified cuboidal

A

Rare

Found in ducts of adult sweat glands, esophageal glands, and part of male urethra

42
Q

Function and location of stratified columnar epithelium

A

Uncommon
Only apical layer is columnar - basal layer short and irregular
Lines urethra, some esophageal glands, large excretory ducts and conjunctiva

43
Q

Function and location of transitional epithelium

A

Variable shape
-Unstretched = stratified cuboidal
-Stretched = stratified squamous
Ideal for lining hollow surfaces as it can stretch without rupturing
Lines bladder and portions of ureter and urethra

44
Q

Endocrine gland function and examples

A

Secrete directly into interstitial fluid
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland

45
Q

Exocrine gland function and examples

A 
Secrete onto surfaces or lining epithelium
Sweat glands
Salivary glands
Sebaceous glands
Pancreas
46
Q

Different gland structures

A 
Tubular
Acinar
Simple
Coiled
Compound

Biosci 107 (7 decks)

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