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Biosci 107 > Gene to protein > Flashcards

Gene to protein Flashcards

1
Q

3 main steps of producing a functional protein

A

Transcription
Pre-mRNA processing
Translation

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2
Q

Control points in protein manufacturing

A 
Transcription factors (most control)
Splicing
Polyadenylation
Capping/tailing
Exportation
Blocking translation
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3
Q

Example of ‘housekeeping’ protein

A

Tubulin

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4
Q

Initiation of transcription

A

TATA box binding protein and TF bind to TATA box

This allows RNA polymerase II to bind

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5
Q

Elongation during transcription

A

Nucleotides added to 3’ end (3OH’ binds to 5’ phosphate)

10-20 bases exposed at a time

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6
Q

Termination of transcription

A

After transcription of polyadenylation signal (AAUAAA) nuclear enzymes release the pre-mRNA

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7
Q

What occurs during processing of pre-mRNA

A

Capping - modified guanine added to 5’ end
Tailing - 50-250 adenine added to 3’ end
Splicing - introns removed

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8
Q

Where does splicing occur

A

Spliceosome - complex of proteins and small rNA

Donor and acceptor sequences near introns determine splicing

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9
Q

tRNA sites on ribosomes

A

E site - where empty tRNA leave
P site - where tRNA carrying polypeptide is held
A site - where tRNA carrying new aa is held

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10
Q

Translation initiation

A 
Small ribosomal subunit bound to initiator tRNA (bound to methionine)
SRSU binds to 5' cap of mRNA
Scans downstream to start codon - AUG
Initiator tRNA binds to start codon
Large ribosomal subunit binds
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11
Q

Translation elongation details

A

tRNA with complementary anticodon bind to mRNA
Large subunit RNA catalyses peptide bond formation
A -> P
P -> E

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12
Q

Stages of translation

A

Codon recognition
Peptide bond formation
Translocation

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13
Q

Translation termination

A

Stop codon reached - UAG UAA or UGA and is bound to stop factor
Stop factor promotes the hydrolysis of bond between p site tRNA and polypeptide chain
Structures disasociate

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14
Q

How ribosomes are directed to the ER

A

Polypeptide synthesis begins
Signal recognition particle binds to signal peptide
SRP binds to receptor in ER
SRP detaches, elongation continues
Signal cleaving enzyme cuts off signal polypeptide
Completed polypeptide is made

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15
Q

What is a signal peptide and where is it found

A

20 aa chain attached to N terminus of a polypeptide

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16
Q

Examples of post translational modifications

A 
Methylation
Phosphorylation
Acetylation
Biotinylation
Carboxylation
Ubiquitination

Biosci 107 (7 decks)

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