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LCRS Neuro > Organisation of the Brainstem and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Organisation of the Brainstem and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major divisions of the brain stem?

A

midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

pons and medulla belong to hindbrain

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2
Q

what are the dorsal columns role?

A

fine touch and proprioception

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3
Q

what is the roof of the midbrain called?

A

tectum

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4
Q

what is the pineal gland involved in?

A

melatonin production and circadian rhythm

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5
Q

what is the superior colliculus involved in?

A

coordination of the eye and neck movement

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6
Q

what is the inferior colliculus involved in?

A

auditory responses

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7
Q

what does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) innervate?

A

superior oblique muscles of the eye

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8
Q

what features originate from the midbrain?

A
  • optic chiasm
  • mammilary (memory and limbic)
  • cerebral peduncle (corticospinal fibre tract that holds cerebrum to brainstem)
  • CN 3 oculomotor nerve
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9
Q

function of CN III- oculomotor nerve?

A

conjugate eye movement

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10
Q

what nerve originate from the pons

A

CN 5- trigeminal nerve

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11
Q

function of CN V- trigeminal nerve

A

muscles of mastication/chewing

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12
Q

what features meet at the pontomedullary junctions?

A

CN 6, CN 7, CN 8
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear

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13
Q

function of CN VI- abducens nerve?

A

lateral rectus muscle

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14
Q

function of CN VII- facial nerve?

A

musculature of the face

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15
Q

function of CN VIII- vestibuolcochlear nerve?

A

balance and hearing

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16
Q

what features originate from the medulla?

A

-pyramidal decussation
- CN 9, 10, 11, 12
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal

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17
Q

function of CN IX- glossopharyngeal nerve?

A
  • taste sensation to anterior third of tongue
  • pharynx function (stylopharyngess from 3rd arch)
  • parotid salivary gland
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18
Q

function of CN X- vagus nerve?

A

PNS innervation to the viscera

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19
Q

function of CN XI- accessory nerve?

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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20
Q

function of CN XII- hypoglossal nerve?

A

intrinsic muscles of the tongue

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21
Q

general functional classification?

A

General Somatic Afferent
General Visceral Afferent
General Somatic Efferent
General Visceral Efferent

22
Q

where do GSA fibres go?

A

skin, mucous membrane sensation

23
Q

where do GVA fibres go?

A

GI tract, heart, vessels and lungs

24
Q

where do GSE fibres go?

A

muscles for eye and tongue

25
where do GVE fibres go?
preganglionic PNS
26
what is the special function classification?
Special somatic afferent | Special visceral afferent Special visceral efferent
27
where do SSA fibres come from?
vision, hearing, equilibrium
28
where do SVA fibres come from?
smell and taste
29
where do SVE fibres comes from?
chewing, facial expression, swallowing, vocal sounds, turning head
30
how are sensory and motor nuclei positioning in the embryonic spinal cord? what is this due to?
due to splitting of the alar plate, the sensory nuclei are located laterally and motor nuclei remain medial
31
what are the cranial nerve nuclei in the midbrain (rostral)?
sensory- V (trigeminal) motor- Edinfer Westphal, III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear)
32
what are the cranial nerve nuclei in the pons?
sensory- V (trigeminal), VIII (vestibulocochlear) motor- V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), VII (facial), salivary
33
what are the cranial nuclei in the medulla?
Sensory – V (Trigeminal), solitarius. | Motor – Salivary, X (vagus), ambiguus, XII (hypoglossal)
34
what are the cranial nuclei in the cervical spinal cord?
sensory - V (trigeminal) motor- IX (accessory)
35
how would you identify the midbrain internal structure?
upside down Mickey Mouse the aqueduct is unique to the midbrain
36
what does the aqueduct do?
connect the 3rd and 4th ventricles
37
what is damaged in the midbrain in Parkinson's disease?
Substantia Nigra- pigmented nucleus
38
where does the cerebral peduncle come from?
motor cortex
39
where is the pons in relation to the 4th ventricle?
the pons is the floor of the 4th ventricle | the majority of the ventricle is here
40
what is the middle cerebellar peduncle?
attachment of pons to cerebellum
41
what direction fibres does the pons have?
transverse these are unique to the pons
42
what are located in the medulla?
inferior olivary nucleus (unique to medulla) | 4th ventricle
43
what are located din the pons?
4th ventricle middle cerebellar peduncle transverse fibres
44
what are located in the midbrain?
inferior colliculus cerebral aqueduct substantia nigra cerebral peduncle
45
what is located in the lower medulla?
dorsal columns central canal pyramidal decussation
46
what is Lateral Medullary Syndrome?
thrombosis of the vertebral artery or the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)
47
what are the symptoms of Lateral Medullary Syndrome?
o Vertigo. o Ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia. o Ipsilateral loss of pain/thermal sense (face). o Contralateral loss of pain/thermal sense (trunk and limbs) – spinothalamic tract affected. o Horner’s syndrome – sympathetic tract affected. o Hoarseness, difficulty swallowing.
48
where is the lesion for LMS? | what is located there?
lateral medulla: - vestibular nerve - inferior cerebellar peduncle - trigeminal nerve - ambiguus nerve - spinothalamic tract - sympathetic tract
49
which cranial nerves originate from the midbrain?
3 and 4 NB 1 and 2 come from the cerebrum
50
which cranial nerves originate from the pons?
5-8
51
which cranial nerves originate from the medulla?
9-12
52
what is the manifestation of oculomotor palsy? | what stroke shows a CNIII palsy presentation?
- ptosis (down and out) - mydriasis - loss of pupillary reflex Weber's sydrome: at the midbrain where CN 3 comes from affecting the corticospinal tract therefore presents with hemiparesis aswell

LCRS Neuro (19 decks)

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