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LCRS Neuro > Organisation of the Brainstem and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Organisation of the Brainstem and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major divisions of the brain stem?

A

midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

pons and medulla belong to hindbrain

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2
Q

what are the dorsal columns role?

A

fine touch and proprioception

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3
Q

what is the roof of the midbrain called?

A

tectum

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4
Q

what is the pineal gland involved in?

A

melatonin production and circadian rhythm

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5
Q

what is the superior colliculus involved in?

A

coordination of the eye and neck movement

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6
Q

what is the inferior colliculus involved in?

A

auditory responses

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7
Q

what does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) innervate?

A

superior oblique muscles of the eye

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8
Q

what features originate from the midbrain?

A
  • optic chiasm
  • mammilary (memory and limbic)
  • cerebral peduncle (corticospinal fibre tract that holds cerebrum to brainstem)
  • CN 3 oculomotor nerve
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9
Q

function of CN III- oculomotor nerve?

A

conjugate eye movement

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10
Q

what nerve originate from the pons

A

CN 5- trigeminal nerve

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11
Q

function of CN V- trigeminal nerve

A

muscles of mastication/chewing

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12
Q

what features meet at the pontomedullary junctions?

A

CN 6, CN 7, CN 8
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear

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13
Q

function of CN VI- abducens nerve?

A

lateral rectus muscle

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14
Q

function of CN VII- facial nerve?

A

musculature of the face

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15
Q

function of CN VIII- vestibuolcochlear nerve?

A

balance and hearing

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16
Q

what features originate from the medulla?

A

-pyramidal decussation
- CN 9, 10, 11, 12
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal

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17
Q

function of CN IX- glossopharyngeal nerve?

A
  • taste sensation to anterior third of tongue
  • pharynx function (stylopharyngess from 3rd arch)
  • parotid salivary gland
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18
Q

function of CN X- vagus nerve?

A

PNS innervation to the viscera

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19
Q

function of CN XI- accessory nerve?

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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20
Q

function of CN XII- hypoglossal nerve?

A

intrinsic muscles of the tongue

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21
Q

general functional classification?

A

General Somatic Afferent
General Visceral Afferent
General Somatic Efferent
General Visceral Efferent

22
Q

where do GSA fibres go?

A

skin, mucous membrane sensation

23
Q

where do GVA fibres go?

A

GI tract, heart, vessels and lungs

24
Q

where do GSE fibres go?

A

muscles for eye and tongue

25
Q

where do GVE fibres go?

A

preganglionic PNS

26
Q

what is the special function classification?

A

Special somatic afferent

Special visceral afferent Special visceral efferent

27
Q

where do SSA fibres come from?

A

vision, hearing, equilibrium

28
Q

where do SVA fibres come from?

A

smell and taste

29
Q

where do SVE fibres comes from?

A

chewing, facial expression, swallowing, vocal sounds, turning head

30
Q

how are sensory and motor nuclei positioning in the embryonic spinal cord? what is this due to?

A

due to splitting of the alar plate, the sensory nuclei are located laterally and motor nuclei remain medial

31
Q

what are the cranial nerve nuclei in the midbrain (rostral)?

A

sensory- V (trigeminal)

motor- Edinfer Westphal, III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear)

32
Q

what are the cranial nerve nuclei in the pons?

A

sensory- V (trigeminal), VIII (vestibulocochlear)

motor- V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), VII (facial), salivary

33
Q

what are the cranial nuclei in the medulla?

A

Sensory – V (Trigeminal), solitarius.

Motor – Salivary, X (vagus), ambiguus, XII (hypoglossal)

34
Q

what are the cranial nuclei in the cervical spinal cord?

A

sensory - V (trigeminal)

motor- IX (accessory)

35
Q

how would you identify the midbrain internal structure?

A

upside down Mickey Mouse

the aqueduct is unique to the midbrain

36
Q

what does the aqueduct do?

A

connect the 3rd and 4th ventricles

37
Q

what is damaged in the midbrain in Parkinson’s disease?

A

Substantia Nigra- pigmented nucleus

38
Q

where does the cerebral peduncle come from?

A

motor cortex

39
Q

where is the pons in relation to the 4th ventricle?

A

the pons is the floor of the 4th ventricle

the majority of the ventricle is here

40
Q

what is the middle cerebellar peduncle?

A

attachment of pons to cerebellum

41
Q

what direction fibres does the pons have?

A

transverse

these are unique to the pons

42
Q

what are located in the medulla?

A

inferior olivary nucleus (unique to medulla)

4th ventricle

43
Q

what are located din the pons?

A

4th ventricle
middle cerebellar peduncle
transverse fibres

44
Q

what are located in the midbrain?

A

inferior colliculus
cerebral aqueduct
substantia nigra
cerebral peduncle

45
Q

what is located in the lower medulla?

A

dorsal columns
central canal
pyramidal decussation

46
Q

what is Lateral Medullary Syndrome?

A

thrombosis of the vertebral artery or the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)

47
Q

what are the symptoms of Lateral Medullary Syndrome?

A

o Vertigo.
o Ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia.
o Ipsilateral loss of pain/thermal sense (face).
o Contralateral loss of pain/thermal sense (trunk and limbs) – spinothalamic tract affected.
o Horner’s syndrome – sympathetic tract affected.
o Hoarseness, difficulty swallowing.

48
Q

where is the lesion for LMS?

what is located there?

A

lateral medulla:

  • vestibular nerve
  • inferior cerebellar peduncle
  • trigeminal nerve
  • ambiguus nerve
  • spinothalamic tract
  • sympathetic tract
49
Q

which cranial nerves originate from the midbrain?

A

3 and 4

NB 1 and 2 come from the cerebrum

50
Q

which cranial nerves originate from the pons?

A

5-8

51
Q

which cranial nerves originate from the medulla?

A

9-12

52
Q

what is the manifestation of oculomotor palsy?

what stroke shows a CNIII palsy presentation?

A
  • ptosis (down and out)
  • mydriasis
  • loss of pupillary reflex

Weber’s sydrome: at the midbrain where CN 3 comes from affecting the corticospinal tract therefore presents with hemiparesis aswell

LCRS Neuro (19 decks)

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