Organisation of data Flashcards
What do you mean by raw data?
Unclassified data, which is unorganised and offers no meaning or conclusions
What is the meaning of classification?
When collected data is classified into groups and sub groups, according to some common characteristics
What are the objectives of classification?
- To simplify and condense mass data.
- Explain similarities and dissimilarities of data.
- Allows for comparison.
- Prepares data for tabulation.
- Presents a mental picture.
What are the four methods of classification?
- Geographical.
- Chronological.
- Qualitative.
- Quantitative.
What is geographical classification also known as?
Spatial classification
What is geographical classification?
When data is classified, according to location or region, like countries, state, district
What is chronological classification also known as?
Temporal classification
What is chronological classification?
When data is classified with respect to different time, periods, decade, years months
What is qualitative classification?
When data is classified on the basis of descriptive characteristic, which are not inherently numerical, but can later be quantified through analysis
What are the two types of qualitative classification?
- Simple classification
- Manifold classification
What do you mean by simple classification?
When facts are classified into two groups using ONLY ONE ATTRIBUTE. Eg: population -male,female
What do you mean by manifold classification?
When facts are classified using MORE THAN ONE ATTRIBUTE.
What do you mean by quantitative classification?
When data is collected on the basis of characteristics, which can be quantified like height, weight, income
In statistics, only those values are considered as variable __________
Which can be expressed numerically
What are the two variables?
Discrete and continuous
Variables which can take no fractional values are known as?
Discrete variables
Continuous variable is the variable _______
Which can take all possible, values, integral, or fractional
In discrete variable, how is data obtained?
By counting
In continuous variable, how is data obtained?
By measurement
What are the two types of statistical series?
- On the basis of characteristics.
- On the basis of construction.
Three series, which come under on the basis of characteristics
- Time series.
- Spatial series.
- Condition series.
Three types of series on the basis of construction
- Individual series.
- Discrete series.
- Continuous series.
What are time series?
When data is arranged in chronological order
What are spatial series?
When data is arranged on the basis of location
What are condition series?
Data classified according to changes occurring under certain conditions
What are the two types of individual series?
- Organised series.
- Unorganised series.
What is unorganised individual series?
Unarranged mass of raw data
What are organised individual series?
The orderly arrangement of raw data. This may be presented according to serial number or in ascending or descending order
What are discrete series?
Series in which individual values differ from each other by definite amount
What are the two types of discrete series?
- Tally marks
- Relative frequency distribution.
What is a class?
Group of Number, in which items are placed
What are class limits?
Lowest and highest value of variables
What is difference between lower limit and upper limit called
Class interval
Formula width of class interval?
Largest observation - smallest observation/ number of classes desired
What is range?
The difference between the lower limit of the first class and upper limit of the last class
What is central point of class interval called?
Mid value
What are the types of continuous series?
- Exclusive series.
- Inclusive series.
- Cumulative frequency
- Open-end distribution.
- Mid Value series.
- Equal or unequal series.
Cumulative frequency “ less than“ type, how is calculated?
From top to bottom
How is the more than type of cumulative frequency calculated?
From bottom to top
