organisation and histology of nervous system

Question 1

What are the 2 divisions and 3 sub divisions of nervosa system?

Answer 1

central

peripheral

somatic
autonomic
enteric

Question 2

functions of nervous system

Answer 2

overall control and integration of all body activities within limits that maintain life

sensory
integrative
motor

Question 3

nervous tissue.

what are the two principle types?

Answer 3

neurons (nerve cells)

neuroglia

Question 4

Neurons.
3 structure
1 function

Answer 4

dendrites
axon
nucleus

capacity to produce action potentials (electrical excitability)

Question 5

Dendrites
3 structure
1 function

Answer 5

short, tapering, highly branched
extend from cell body
contains receptor sites

receiving or input portion of neuron

Question 6

Axon

3 structure
1 function

Answer 6

long, thin, cylindrical projection
joins to cell body at axon hillock
trigger bone - junction of axon hillock and initial segment

conduct impulses away from cell body

Question 7

diversity in neurons.
both structural and functional features are used to classify various neurons in the body.

describe structural and functional.

Answer 7

structural; based n number of processes extending from cell body

functional; based on direction in which the nerve impulse is converted to CNS

Question 8

Neuronal bodied groups together are named

Answer 8

ganglion (PNS)

nucleus (CNS)

Question 9

axons are group together in names;

Answer 9

bundle (PNS)

tract (CNS)

Question 10

neural circuits.
what is it?
structure
function

Answer 10

functional group of neurons that process specific types of information

thousands or millions of neurons arranged in several ways. simple series, coverings, converging, reverberating, parallel after discharge circuits

circuit can be responsible for one or more functions; breathings, short term memory, waking up

Question 11

Neuroglia.
3 structure
3 function

Answer 11

make up 1/2 volume of CNS
smaller than neurons
5-25 times more numerous

support and protect neurons
do not generate / propagate action potentials
can multiply and divide in mature nervous tissue

Question 12

what 4 types of neuroglia belong in CNS?

Answer 12

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
ependymal cells
microglia

Question 13

what two types of Neuroglia belong in PNS

Answer 13

Satellite cells

schwann cells

Question 14

Astrocytes (CNS)
3 structure
3 function

Answer 14

star shapes cells
many processes
largest and most numerous

provide support to neurons
regulate K+ balance
metabolise neurotransmitters

Question 15

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
2 structure
1 function

Answer 15

star shaped cells
smaller than astrocytes with fewer processes

form myelin sheath around axons of CNS neurons

Question 16

Micoglia (CNS)
1 structure
2 functions

Answer 16

small cells with slender processes

phagocytosis of microbes and damages nerves tissue
remove cellular debris

Question 17

Ependymal cells (CNS) 
3 structure 
1 function

Answer 17

cuboidal to columnar cells
arranges in single layer
apical cilia and microvilli

produce, monitor and assist in circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 18

Satellite cells (PNS) 
2 structure 
2 function

Answer 18

flat cells
surrounding neuronal cell bodies in ganglia

provide structure support
regulate exchange of materials between neuronal cell bodies and interstitial fluid

Question 19

Schwann cells
2 structure
2 function

Answer 19

flat cell
surround neuronal cell axons (either myelinated or not)

form myelin sheath
participate in axon regeneration

Question 20

Myelin sheath
3 structure
2 function

Answer 20

multilayered lipid and protein covering
surrounds some axons
neurolemma (outer layer of schwann cell)

electrical insulation
increases speed of nerve impulse conduction

Question 21

Node of ranvier
3 structure
1 function

Answer 21

gaps in axon myelin sheath
contains high concentration of ion channels
bare axolemma

amplifies nerve impulse conduction