muscles physiology; building of muscle organ - cells, tissue, organ and muscle contraction process and regulation Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of muscular tissue

A

producing body movement s
stabilising body positions
movement of substances within the body
producing heat

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2
Q

5 properties of muscle tissue

A
excitability 
conductivity 
contractility 
extensibility 
elasticity
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3
Q

Muscle tissue.
what does it consist of?
what 3 types are they?

A

elongated cells called muscle fibres or myocytes that are modified for contraction using ATP as energy

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

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4
Q

what are the 5 components of the connective tissue of the muscle? EPETA

A

Epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
tendons and aponeurosis

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5
Q

Nerve and blood supply.
what are muscles innervated by?
each muscle fibre is in contact with one or more capillaries. what do capillaries do?

A

somatic motor neurons

supply oxygen and nutrients and remove heat and waste products

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6
Q

sarcoplasm.
2 structure
2 function

A

located within the cell
contains glycogen, myoglobin and calcium

provide shape to cell
hold organelles in place

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7
Q
sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) 
1 structure 
1  function
A

fluid filled system of membranous sacs

sotres Ca2+

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8
Q

myofibrils
2 structure
1 functions

A

small, thread links structure in sarcoplasm
extend entire length of muscle cell

contractile organelle

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9
Q

myofilaments
2 structure
1 function

A

small protein structures arranges in sarcomeres
thick - myosin. thin - actin

contraction

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10
Q

myofibrils composed of 3 types of muscle proteins. what are they? 2 examples

A

contractile - myosin and actin

regulatory - troponin and tropomyosin

structural - Titian and myosin

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11
Q

contractile proteins.
myosin and actin
2 structure each
1 function

A

myosin

  • main component of thick filament
  • shaped like 2 golf clubs twisted together

actin

  • main component of thin filament
  • contains myosin binding site

generate force during contraction

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12
Q

regulatory proteins
tropomyosin
troponin

2 structure each
1 function

A

tropomyosin

  • covers myosin in binding site of actin molecules
  • strands held in place by troponin molecules

Troponin

  • complex of 3 proteins
  • lies within the groove between actin filaments

help switch contraction process on and off

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13
Q

what are 3 structural proteins?

A

Titin
dystrophin
myomesin and nebulin

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14
Q

sarcomere (basic functional unit of myofibril)

components include 4 things. what are they?

A

Z disc

bands

h zone

m line

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15
Q

z disc (component of sarcomere)

1 structure
1 function

A

narrow, plate shaped region of dense protein material

act as anchoring points for thin filaments

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16
Q

bands (component of sacromere)

where are they found? what patterns do they create?

A

areas where thick and thin filaments overlap and create interlocking patterns

I band (thin filaments)

A band (both thick and thin filaments0

17
Q

H zone (component of sarcomere)

where is it found? what does it contain?

A

A band

only contains thick filaments

18
Q

M line
1 structure
1 function

A

centre of A band

attachment site for thick filaments

19
Q

explain 7 steps of sliding filament mechanism

A

myosin heads attach to and walk along thin filaments

thin filaments pulled towards M line

thin filaments slide inwards meeting at centre of sarcomere

z discs come together

sarcomere shortens

muscle fibre shortens

entire muscle shortens

20
Q

what are the 4 steps at the ONSET contraction cycle?

A

SR releases Ca2+ into sarcoplasm

Ca2+ binds troponin

troponin moves tropomyosin away from binding sites on actin

initiates contraction cycle

21
Q

contraction cycle consists of 4 steps. what are they?

A

ATP hydrolysis

formation of cross bridge

power stroke

detachment of myosin and actin

22
Q
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ). 
What is it called? What two things does it allow to communicate?
A

Synapse

somatic motor neuron and skeletal muscle fibre / cell

23
Q

Motor end plate.

what region is it?

A

sarcolemma opposite synaptic end bulb

24
Q

Muscle action potential

4 steps

A

release of ACh

activate of ACh receptors

production of MAP

termination of ACH activity

25
Q

relaxation cycle

2 steps

A

degradation of ACh

sequestration of Ca+2