bone physiology ; building of bone organs. tissue, cell, repair and organ

Question 1

skeletal system functions.
6.
SPAMBT

Answer 1

support 
protection 
assistance in movement 
mineral homeostasis 
blood cell protection 
triglyceride storage

Question 2

bone structure.

what makes up the skeletal system

Answer 2

several tissues ; bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, various blood forming tissues, adipose tissue, nervous tissue

bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons = skeletal system

Question 3

3 main structures of the bone

Answer 3

proximal and distal epiphyses

metaphases (growth plate)

diaphysis (shaft)

Question 4

what is articular cartilage? function? (BONE)

Answer 4

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering epiphysis

reduces friction and absorbs shock

Question 5

what is periosteum? function? (BONE)

Answer 5

tough connective tissue (outer layer of dense irregular CT and inner layer of osteoprogenitor cells)

protects bone, assists in fracture repair, growth in thickness, attachment point for ligaments and tendons

Question 6

what is medullary cavity? function? (BONE)

Answer 6

hollow cylindrical space in diaphysis
contains yellow bone marrow and blood vessels

minimises weight of bone, provides strength

Question 7

Endosteum? (BONE)

Answer 7

lines medullary cavity

contains single layer of osteoprogenitor cells and CT

Question 8

Osseous tissue. Microscopic structure.
3 structure 15W30C55Cr
3 function

Answer 8

abundant ECM that surrounds widely operated cells
ECM - 15% water, 30% collage fibres, 55% crystallised mineral salts
mineral salts include hydroxyapatite , calcium carbonate, magnesium, fluoride, potassium, sulphate

calcification 
provides hardness (mineral salts) flexibility (collagen) and tensile strength

Question 9

what are the 4 bone cells?

OPG OB OC OCL

Answer 9

osteoprogenitor
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts

Question 10

osteoprogenitor. 2 structure 2 function

Answer 10

unspecialised bone stem cell
derived from mesenchyme ``

celledivision to become an osteoblast

Question 11

osteoblast. 2 structure 2 function

Answer 11

immature bone cell to become osteocyte
surrounded by ECM

bone formation (deposition)
initiate calcification

Question 12

osteocytes. 2 structure 2 function

Answer 12

mature bone cell
trapped in ECM

maintain daily metabolism
maintain mineral concentration of matrix

Question 13

osteoclasts. 2 structure 2 function

Answer 13

ruffled border
contains lysosomal enzymes and acids

breakdown of ECM (resorption)
regulate blood calcium

Question 14

Compact bone. 2 structure 2 function

Answer 14

solid hard layer of bone
few spaces

provides protection and support
resists stresses produced by weigh and movement

Question 15

Spongy bone. 2 structure 2 function

Answer 15

many spaces
protected by covering of compact bone

sports and protects red bone marrow
reduce weight of bone

Question 16

Bone formation.
terms?
4 principle situation?

Answer 16

osteogenesis or ossification

initial formation of bones in embryo

growth of bones during infancy, childhood and adolescence (length and width)

remodelling of bone (deposition and respiration)

repair of fractures

Question 17

Bone remodelling. definition and 2 processes

Answer 17

the ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue

bone deposition (addition o minerals and collagen fibres by osteoblasts)
bone resorption (removal of minerals and collagen fibres by osteoclasts

Question 18

explain repair of bone fracture phase 1 reactive

Answer 18

clot forms site of fracture
bone cells die
bone swelling and inflammation occurs
phagocytes and osteoclasts remove damaged tissue

Question 19

explain repair of bone fracture phase 2a reparative - fibrocartilaginous callus formation

Answer 19

new blood vessels
fibroblasts produce collagen fibres
chondroblasts produce fibrocartilage
soft callus bridges fracture

Question 20

explain repair of bone fracture phase 2b reparative - bony (hard) callus formation

Answer 20

osteoprogenitor cells develop into osteoblasts
spongy bone trabeculae produced
hard callus formed

Question 21

explain repair bone fracture phase 3 remodelling

Answer 21

dead portions of fragments resorbed by osteoclasts
compacts bone places spongy bone
fracture heals