bone physiology ; building of bone organs. tissue, cell, repair and organ Flashcards
skeletal system functions.
6.
SPAMBT
support protection assistance in movement mineral homeostasis blood cell protection triglyceride storage
bone structure.
what makes up the skeletal system
several tissues ; bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, various blood forming tissues, adipose tissue, nervous tissue
bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons = skeletal system
3 main structures of the bone
proximal and distal epiphyses
metaphases (growth plate)
diaphysis (shaft)
what is articular cartilage? function? (BONE)
thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering epiphysis
reduces friction and absorbs shock
what is periosteum? function? (BONE)
tough connective tissue (outer layer of dense irregular CT and inner layer of osteoprogenitor cells)
protects bone, assists in fracture repair, growth in thickness, attachment point for ligaments and tendons
what is medullary cavity? function? (BONE)
hollow cylindrical space in diaphysis
contains yellow bone marrow and blood vessels
minimises weight of bone, provides strength
Endosteum? (BONE)
lines medullary cavity
contains single layer of osteoprogenitor cells and CT
Osseous tissue. Microscopic structure.
3 structure 15W30C55Cr
3 function
abundant ECM that surrounds widely operated cells
ECM - 15% water, 30% collage fibres, 55% crystallised mineral salts
mineral salts include hydroxyapatite , calcium carbonate, magnesium, fluoride, potassium, sulphate
calcification provides hardness (mineral salts) flexibility (collagen) and tensile strength
what are the 4 bone cells?
OPG OB OC OCL
osteoprogenitor
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts
osteoprogenitor. 2 structure 2 function
unspecialised bone stem cell
derived from mesenchyme ``
celledivision to become an osteoblast
osteoblast. 2 structure 2 function
immature bone cell to become osteocyte
surrounded by ECM
bone formation (deposition) initiate calcification
osteocytes. 2 structure 2 function
mature bone cell
trapped in ECM
maintain daily metabolism
maintain mineral concentration of matrix
osteoclasts. 2 structure 2 function
ruffled border
contains lysosomal enzymes and acids
breakdown of ECM (resorption)
regulate blood calcium
Compact bone. 2 structure 2 function
solid hard layer of bone
few spaces
provides protection and support
resists stresses produced by weigh and movement
Spongy bone. 2 structure 2 function
many spaces
protected by covering of compact bone
sports and protects red bone marrow
reduce weight of bone
Bone formation.
terms?
4 principle situation?
osteogenesis or ossification
initial formation of bones in embryo
growth of bones during infancy, childhood and adolescence (length and width)
remodelling of bone (deposition and respiration)
repair of fractures
Bone remodelling. definition and 2 processes
the ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue
bone deposition (addition o minerals and collagen fibres by osteoblasts) bone resorption (removal of minerals and collagen fibres by osteoclasts
explain repair of bone fracture phase 1 reactive
clot forms site of fracture
bone cells die
bone swelling and inflammation occurs
phagocytes and osteoclasts remove damaged tissue
explain repair of bone fracture phase 2a reparative - fibrocartilaginous callus formation
new blood vessels
fibroblasts produce collagen fibres
chondroblasts produce fibrocartilage
soft callus bridges fracture
explain repair of bone fracture phase 2b reparative - bony (hard) callus formation
osteoprogenitor cells develop into osteoblasts
spongy bone trabeculae produced
hard callus formed
explain repair bone fracture phase 3 remodelling
dead portions of fragments resorbed by osteoclasts
compacts bone places spongy bone
fracture heals
