Organisation 2 Flashcards
Respiratory system, circulatory system, CHD
Why do we need to get oxygen into our bloodstream?
To supply our cells for respiration.
What happens in the lungs?
Gaseous exchange:
-Oxygen diffuses into our bloodstream
-Carbon dioxide diffuses out of our bloodstream
What is the thorax?
The top part of the body, separated from the lower body by the diaphragm.
What are the lungs protected by?
The ribcage.
The pleural membranes.
What are the pleural membranes?
A two-layered membrane that covers each lung.
What is the role of the pleural membranes?
To cushion the lung and reduce any friction that may develop between the lung, rib cage, and chest cavity.
What is the trachea?
Where the air that you breathe goes through to get to the lungs.
Also known as the windpipe.
What does the trachea split into?
Two tubes called bronchi.
One goes to each lung.
What is one bronchi called?
Bronchus
What doe the bronchi split into?
Progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles.
What can we find at the end of bronchioles?
Small air sacs called alveoli where gaseous exchange occurs.
There are millions and millions of these.
What are the alveoli surrounded by?
A network of blood capillaries.
What does the blood passing next to the alveoli contain?
-Lots of carbon dioxide
-Very little oxygen
-because it’s just returned to the lungs from the rest of the body
Where does oxygen diffuse in gaseous exchange?
From a high concentration in the alveolus to a low concentration in the blood.
Where does carbon dioxide diffuse in gaseous exchange?
From a high concentration in the blood to a low concentration in the alveolus to be breathed out.
What happens to oxygen in the blood when body cells are reached?
It is released from the red blood cells (high concentration of oxygen) and diffuses into the body cells (low concentration of oxygen).
What happens to carbon dioxide in cells when reached by the blood?
It diffuses from the body cells (high concentration of carbon dioxide) into the blood (low concentration of carbon dioxide).
It’s then carried back to the lungs.
How do we calculate breathing rate?
Number of breaths ÷ number of minutes.
What is the heart?
An organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system.
Which ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
The right ventricle.
Which ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?
The left ventricle.
What is the circulatory system made up of?
-The heart
-Blood vessels
-Blood
After gaseous exchange has occurred in the lungs, where does the blood go?
It returns to the heart.
(The blood is now oxygenated).
Once blood has lost its oxygen to the body cells, where does it go?
It returns to the heart.
What are the blood vessels associated with the heart?
-The aorta
-The vena cava
-The pulmonary artery
-The pulmonary vein
-The coronary arteries
What are the walls of the heart made of?
Muscle tissue (mostly)
What is the role of heart valves?
To prevent blood flowing backwards.
Name the four chambers of the heart.
-Right atrium
-Right ventricle
-Left atrium
-Left ventricle
What is the plural of ‘atrium’?
Atria
Blood flows into the right atrium from where?
The vena cava.
Is blood flowing into the vena cava oxygenated?
No. Blood flowing into the vena cava is deoxygenated because it has come from the body.
Is blood flowing into the pulmonary vein oxygenated?
Yes. Blood flowing into the pulmonary vein is oxygenated because it has come from the lungs.
Blood flows into the left atrium from where?
The pulmonary vein
Pulmonary
To do with the lungs.
How does blood move from the atria to the ventricles?
The atria contract, which pushes the blood into the ventricles.
Blood flows into the pulmonary artery from where?
The right ventricle.
Blood flows into the aorta from where?
The left ventricle.
What is the role of arteries?
To carry blood away from the heart.
What is the role of veins?
To carry blood to the heart.
How does blood get from the ventricles and out of the heart?
The ventricles contract, forcing the blood into the pulmonary artery and the aorta, and out of the heart.
Where are the coronary arteries located?
They branch of the aorta and surround the heart.
What is the role of the coronary arteries?
To supply the heart muscle with the oxygenated blood it needs.
When looking at an image of he heart…
left is right and right is left
(imagine your looking at a person whose heart it is)
Where is the right atrium located?
The top left of the heart.
Where is the right ventricle located?
The bottom left of the heart.
Where are the heart valves located?
Between the atria and the ventricles.
How is the natural resting heart rate controlled?
By a group of cells in the right atrium that act as a pacemaker.
Where are pacemaker cells located?
The Right Atrium.