Organisation 2 Flashcards
Respiratory system, circulatory system, CHD
Why do we need to get oxygen into our bloodstream?
To supply our cells for respiration.
What happens in the lungs?
Gaseous exchange:
-Oxygen diffuses into our bloodstream
-Carbon dioxide diffuses out of our bloodstream
What is the thorax?
The top part of the body, separated from the lower body by the diaphragm.
What are the lungs protected by?
The ribcage.
The pleural membranes.
What are the pleural membranes?
A two-layered membrane that covers each lung.
What is the role of the pleural membranes?
To cushion the lung and reduce any friction that may develop between the lung, rib cage, and chest cavity.
What is the trachea?
Where the air that you breathe goes through to get to the lungs.
Also known as the windpipe.
What does the trachea split into?
Two tubes called bronchi.
One goes to each lung.
What is one bronchi called?
Bronchus
What doe the bronchi split into?
Progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles.
What can we find at the end of bronchioles?
Small air sacs called alveoli where gaseous exchange occurs.
There are millions and millions of these.
What are the alveoli surrounded by?
A network of blood capillaries.
What does the blood passing next to the alveoli contain?
-Lots of carbon dioxide
-Very little oxygen
-because it’s just returned to the lungs from the rest of the body
Where does oxygen diffuse in gaseous exchange?
From a high concentration in the alveolus to a low concentration in the blood.
Where does carbon dioxide diffuse in gaseous exchange?
From a high concentration in the blood to a low concentration in the alveolus to be breathed out.
What happens to oxygen in the blood when body cells are reached?
It is released from the red blood cells (high concentration of oxygen) and diffuses into the body cells (low concentration of oxygen).
What happens to carbon dioxide in cells when reached by the blood?
It diffuses from the body cells (high concentration of carbon dioxide) into the blood (low concentration of carbon dioxide).
It’s then carried back to the lungs.
How do we calculate breathing rate?
Number of breaths ÷ number of minutes.
What is the heart?
An organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system.
Which ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
The right ventricle.
Which ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?
The left ventricle.
What is the circulatory system made up of?
-The heart
-Blood vessels
-Blood
After gaseous exchange has occurred in the lungs, where does the blood go?
It returns to the heart.
(The blood is now oxygenated).
Once blood has lost its oxygen to the body cells, where does it go?
It returns to the heart.