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Biology > Extras > Flashcards

Extras Flashcards

1
Q

When growing bacterial cultures, why is it necessary to sterilise the agar and petri dish?

A

To kill any bacteria on the agar or petri dish and avoid growing other bacteria.

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

How is the number of bacteria in a colony calculated?

A

2 to the power of ‘number of divisions’

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4
Q

Name 3 factors that affect the rate of diffusion.

A

Difference in concentration

Temperature

Surface area of the membrane

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5
Q

Why do multicellular organisms need specific exchange surfaces and a system of transport like the blood?

A

The surface area to volume ration is too low without folded internal surfaces.

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6
Q

What is active transport (ko)

A

The movement of particles from a low concentration to a higher one using energy.

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7
Q

Give an example of a substance that is taken up by active transport in animals.

A

Glucose - from the intestines to the blood.

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8
Q

What are the 7 components of food?

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Fibre, Water

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9
Q

Why does food need to be digested?

A

So that small soluble molecules can get across the membrane of the small intestine into the blood.

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10
Q

What are the small molecules produced in digestion used for?

A

To build new carbohydrates, fats, or proteins in the body.

Glucose is used in respiration.

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11
Q

How is the blood on the left side of the heart different to the blood on the right side of the heart?

A

The blood on the left is higher in oxygen and lower in carbon dioxide.

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12
Q

What is a non-communicable disease? (ko)

A

A disease not caused by a pathogen and therefore cannot be passed between living organisms.

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13
Q

Name 3 lifestyle factors linked with cardiovascular disease

A

smoking

diet

exercise

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14
Q

What is cancer?

A

Uncontrolled cell division

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15
Q

What is a malignant tumour?

A

One that is capable of spreading around the body

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16
Q

What is a benign tumour?

A

One that will not spread around the body.

17
Q

Name some risk factors for cancer

A

Genetics, diet, smoking, ionising radiation

18
Q

What happens during an asthma attack?

A

The bronchi and bronchioles constrict

19
Q

What virus is linked with cervical cancer?

A

HPV

20
Q

Which parts of the body are affected by asthma?

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles (airways)

21
Q

Why do people with asthma often struggle to breathe?

A

Less air can flow in and out of the lungs.

22
Q

Why are there air spaces in the spongy mesophyll?

A

To allow gases to diffuse.

23
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The evaporation of water through the stomata

24
Q

Potometer

A

Measure how far the bubble moves in a set amount of time.

25
Q

Why are stomata only found on the underside of a leaf?

A

It is cooler on the underside, so less water is lost by evaporation.

26
Q

Why can communicable diseases be passed between organisms?

A

They are caused by microorganisms

27
Q

How do viruses make you unwell?

A

They reproduce in cells, causing damage or death to the host cell.

28
Q

How is salmonella spread?

A

By eating food prepared in unhygienic conditions.

29
Q

Symptoms of malaria

A

Recurrent episodes of fever, can lead to death.

30
Q

What is an antigen? (KO)

A

A specific protein found on the surface of a pathogen.

31
Q

How can monoclonal antibodies be used to target specific chemicals or cells? (KO)

A

Monoclonal antibodies are specific to the binding site on a specific protein antigen.

32
Q

How are monoclonal antibodies used in research? (KO)

A

They are used to locate and identify specific molecules in cells and tissues.

33
Q

How are monoclonal antibodies used in diagnostic testing?

A

They are used to measure levels of hormones or chemicals in the urine or blood e.g. HCG in the urine to test for pregnancy.

34
Q

How can a plant disease be identified by gardeners?

A

-Looking in a manual/website
-Taking them to a lab
-Using monoclonal antibody testing kits

35
Q

What is the glucose made in photosynthesis used for?

A

-Converted to starch for storage
-Made into amino acids
-Made into fats
-Used in respiration
-Converted into cellulose for cell walls

36
Q

Name the three carbohydrates that can be made from glucose

A

-starch
-glycogen
-cellulose

37
Q

Why does breathing get faster and deeper during exercise?

A

-More oxygen in
-Get rid of more carbon dioxide

38
Q

what is respiration?

A

An exothermic reaction that releases energy needed for all living processes.

Biology (18 decks)

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