Organisation Flashcards
What is tissue?
A group of cells with a similar structure and function.
What is an organ?
Group of tissue working together for a specific function.
What is an organ system?
Group of organs that work together to form an organism.
3 main nutrients in food:
Carbohydrates
Protein
Lipids
Why do the 3 main nutrients need to be broken down?
This is because they have to be smaller enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream
Digestion:
Process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller ones so they can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
1st part of digestion:
Mouth: mechanical and chemical/
Where does food go after the mouth?
Through the oesophagus into the stomach.
Where does the food go after the stomach?
Into the small intestine. Where bile is released from the liver and pancreas.
What does the pancreas do?
Releases enzymes that continue the digestion of protein and starch.
ALSO SRTARTS DIGESTION OF LIPIDS.
What happens in the large intestine?
Water is absorbed.
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts that speed up digestion.
Where are the places where protein is digested?
Stomach, pancreas and small intestine.
Where are the places where starch is digested?
Saliva and pancreas.
Where are the places where lipids are digested?
Pancreas and small intestine.
The first part of the food tests:
1) Pestle and mortar → grind
2) + Distilled water
3) Filter.
STARCH TEST:
IODINE
1) test tube
2) add iodine (orange)
3) + = Blue - = orange
SUGAR test (Glucose) :
BENEDICT
1) test tube
2) +benedict (blue)
3) hot water bath
+++ = brick red
++ = yellow
+ = green
PROTEIN test:
BIURET
1) test tube
2) + biuret (blue)
3) + = purple lilac
LIPIDS test:
ETHANOL (NO FILTER )
1) + distilled water +ethanol
2) gently shake
3) + = white emulsion
Adaptations of the small intestine:
LONG
VILLI AND MICRO VILLI
THIN MEMBRANE
4 components of blood:
Platelets
Plasma
RBC
WBC
What is PLASMA:
Transports dissolved substances.
Feature of a RBC :
A large amount of haemoglobin
No nucleus or organelles
Flattened and biconcave
