organisation Flashcards
process in which cells become specialised for a particular job is called
cell differentiation
cell differantiation
process in which cells become specialised for a particular job
what is the enzymes active site
unique shape that fits onto the substance involved in a reaction
induced fit model
active site changes shape a little as the substrate binds to it to get a tighter fit
factos that can affect rate of enzyme action
right temperature (around 30s)
right PH(7) often but not always
What are cells
basic building blocks of all living organisms
tissues
group of cells with a similar structure or function
temperature affecting enzyme action
a higher temperature increases the rate at first
if it gets too hot some of the bonds holding the enzyme together break
this changes the shape of the active site so he substrate wont fit anymore
ph affecting enzyme action
if its too high or too low the PH interferes with the bonds holding the enzymes together
changes shape of active site and denatures enzyme
3 locations where amylase are made
salivary glands
pancreas
the small intestines
amylase is an example of s
cabohydrase
what does amylase break down
starch-into simple sugars
3 places protease is made
stomach(called pepsin there)
pancreas
small intestines
what solution can we use to detect starch
iodine
if starch is present iodine will change from what colour to what
brownish orange
blue black
investigating how PH affects amylase activity
1)put a drop of iodine into every well of a spotting tile
2)place a bunsen burner on a heat prof mat and a tripod and gauze over bunsen burner, put beaker of water on top of the tripod and heat water till 35 degrees using a thermometer.
3)add 1cm cubed of amylase and 1cm cube of a buffer solution with PH 5 to a boiling tube and wait for 5 min
4)use a different syringe and add 5cm cubed of a starch solution into boiling tube and starch clock
using a pipette taking a fresh sample from the boiling tube every 30 seconds and drop into well. when iodine remains browny orange starch is no longer present
repeat experiment with buffer solutions of different PH values
rate if reaction=
1000/ time
proteases converts proteins into
amino acids
lipase converts lipids into
glycerol
fatty acids
2 places lipase are made from
pancreas
small intestines
function of bile
(neutralises the stomach acid and emulsifies fat)
it is an alkaline to neutralises hydrochloric acid from the stomach.
also emulsifies fat to farm small droplets which increases the surface area. the alkaline conditions and large surface area increase the rate of fat breakdown by lipase
use of products of digestion
build new carbohydrates lipids and proteins
function of digestive enzymes
convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
benedicts test
1)prepare food samples
2) prepare a water bath set at 75 degrees
3) add some benedicts solution into the test (10 drops) using pippette
4)place in water bath using a test tube holder leave it there for 5 minutes
make sure tube is pointing away from you
5)if food sample contains reducing sugards, test tube will change from the normal blue colour to green, yellow or brick red depending on how much sugars in the food
