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biology > homeostasis > Flashcards

homeostasis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is homeostasis

A

1)regulation of cells or organisms
2) to maintain optimum conditions for function
3) in response to internal or external conditions

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2
Q

reflex arch (corfirm with mrs homespeirce)

A

stimulus

receptor cells

sensory

relay

motor

effectors

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3
Q

what is the function of receptor cells?

A

detect changes in the environment
(stimulus)

(environment could mean internal/external body conditions)

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4
Q

coordinating center function

A

process information from receptor cells

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5
Q

3 examples of co ordination centers

A

brain

pancreas

spinal cord

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6
Q

name for changes in the environment given by scientists

A

stimulus

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7
Q

effectors example

A

muscle and glands

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8
Q

job of effectors

A

carry out a response from the coordinating center

restore optimum conditions

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9
Q

what is a synapse?

A

the junction at the end of a sensory neuron

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10
Q

the independent variable in reaction time practical

A

the person having their reaction time tested.

(effect of practice)
(chemicals affect reaction time-caffeine)

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11
Q

what transports hormones

A

blood

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12
Q

key differences between the endocrine and nervous system

A

1) nervous- electrical impulses that travel down neurons
hormones-chemicals carried around in the bloodstream

2)signals extremely fast in but the effects are short term
endocrine-produce at a much slower effect and is long-lasting.

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13
Q

6 key glands

A

pituitary gland
adrenal gland
thyroid
pancreas
ovaries-females
testes-male

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14
Q

the function of the pancreas in the endocrine system

A

release hormones that are involved in controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood

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15
Q

the function of testes and ovaries in the endocrine system

A

release hormones involved in puberty and reproduction

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16
Q

thyroid gland function

A

release hormones involved in growth

and regulating the body’s basal metabolic rate

17
Q

adrenal gland function

A

produce hormone adrenaline
which is produced in times of fear or stress

18
Q

pituitary gland

A

AKA master gland

releases a number of hormones in the blood depending on the condition

19
Q

the function of pituitary hormones

A

act on other glands and they cause other hormones to be released

20
Q

the process by which eggs are released from an ovary

A

ovulation

21
Q

the function of the hormone oestrogen

A

stimulate growth of the uterus lining

22
Q

stages of the menstrual cycle graph

A

stage 1; menstruation, breaking down of uterus lining days 1-4

stage 2; lining starts to build up again on days 4-14

stage 3; ovulation, egg is released 1 day

stage 4)maintaining of uterus lining

23
Q

what hormone does the increase of hormone oestrogen inhibit?

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

24
Q

function of progesterone

A

maintaining the lining of the uterus

25
Q

what happens if progesterone levels decrease

A

the lining of the uterus starts breaking down restarting the menstrual cycle

26
Q

puberty

A

adolescent start to develop secondary sexual characteristics

27
Q

Fsh

A

Causes egg to mature

28
Q

LH

A

Causes egg to release

29
Q

Meaning of inhibit

A

Prevent or stop

30
Q

What hormone does oestrogen inhibit and why

A

FSH
so that no more eggs can mature

31
Q

Genuine sequence of menstruation hormones

A

Fsh-oestrogen-fsh-LH-progesterone

32
Q

Menstruation cycle described by hormones

A

FSH-(from pituitary gland) causes eggs to mature and ovaries to produce
Oestrogen (ovary) causes lining to thicken n inhibits fsh
Causes pituitary to release LH
Which cause eggs to mature

Progesterone is secreted to maintain lining of uterus

33
Q

Contraceptions

A

Pills that inhibit fsh-no eggs mature

Progestorone injections-stop any eggs from being releasd

Implant that slowly releases pregestorone

Condoms/diaphrams-stops sperm from entering vagina

IUD-copper lining that stops egg from embedding in lining

Vasectomy

Clamp in oviduct

34
Q

Problems with IVF

A

Success rates are low

Chance of multiple births

Expensive

35
Q

Explain how the effect of adrenaline on heart rate might cause reaction time to decrease (4m)

A

Adrenaline Increases heart rate

Blood being pumped round the body increases oxygen in the brain

Increase in oxygen leads to an increase in respiration

More energy is released for muscle contraction

36
Q

Advantages of organ transplants

A

Avoiding medical provedures sufh as dialysis

Living a longer life

Livingg a less painful life

Improved quality of life

37
Q

Disadvantages of organ transplantations

A

Organ rejection

Organ failure

Bleeding or ther complications during the procedure

Complications related to the use of anasthesia including death

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