Organisation Flashcards
How are muscle cells specialised x 2
they can contract and contain special protien fibres which change their length
full of mitochondria which provide energy for contraction
what are cells
Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms.
what are tissues
A tissue is a group of cells with a similar structure and function
what are organs
Organs are aggregations (groups) of tissues that work together performing specific functions
what are organs
Organs are aggregations (groups) of tissues that work together performing specific functions
example of an organ
stomach, contains muscle tissue and glandular tissue which release enzymes
what does the stomach have that helps it carry out its function
contains muscle tissue and glandular tissue which release enzymes
what is an organ system
Organs are organised into organ systems, which work together to form organisms.
what three main nutrients do food contain
carbohydrates eg starch
protiens
lipids eg fat
why do the three main nutrients in food have to be digested
they are large molecules, too large to be absorbed into the bloodstream
what happens during digestion
large food molecules are broken down into small molecules by enzymes. Small molecules absorbed into bloodstream.
what happens in the mouth during digestion
food is chewed. enzymes in the saliva begin to digest the starch into smaller sugar molecules.
where does food travel to from the mouth
oesophagous
food travels from the oesophagous to the stomach. what happens in the stomach
in the stomach, enzymes begin the digestion of protiens
what does the stomach contain that helps digestion and how
hydrochloric acid which helps the enzymes digest protiens
how is the food turned into a fluid. Why is this beneficial
the churning action of stomach muscles turns food into fluid
increases s.a for enzymes to digest
where does the fluid go from the stomach
stomach to small intestine
chemicals are released into the small intestine from……
liver and pancreas
what does the pancreas release
pancreas releases enzymes which continue digestion of starch and protiens
and start digestion of lipids
Bile is made in the …… and stored in the ……..
Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
what does bile do
bile neutralises hydrochloric acid from the stomach
what does bile do to fat
bile emulsifies fat
to form small droplets which increases the surface area.
how does the bile increase fat breakdown
The alkaline conditions and large surface area increase the rate of fat (lipid) breakdown by lipase
what do the walls of the small intestines release
walls of small intestine release enzymes to continue breakdown of protien and lipids