organics 1 Flashcards
what is a hydrocarbon?
a molecule containing hydrogen and carbon ONLY
how is crude oil separated
fractional disstilation
what is the order of the fractional distillation column
lowest BP: refinery gases
gasoline
kerosene
diesel
fuel oil
bitumen
use for bitumen?
road tarmac
use for fuel oil?
ship fuel
use for diesel?
lorry fuel
use for kerosene?
plane fuel
use for gasoline?
car fuel
use for refinery gas?
home heating
what does complete combustion produce
CO2 and H2O
what does incomplete combustion produce
CO and H2O
how does crude oil contribute to pollution
- N2 + O2 at high temp form NO
- sulfur (impurity) + O2 forms SO2
- both are non metal oxides = acid rain
what is cracking
turns long chain hydrocarbons into shorter more useful ones
what does cracking require
catalyst: AL2O3
temperature: 600 C
similarities in a homologous series
- similar chemical properties
- trend in physical properties
properties of alkanes
saturated - C-C
names end in -ane
general alkane formula
CnH2n+2
isomers of alkanes?
same molecular formula, different structural/display formula
combustion in alkanes?
same as crude oil
what is substitution
substitutes an H atom for a halogen
conditions for substitution to occur?
UV light
properties of alkenes?
unsaturated - C=C
names end in -ene
isomers of alkenes?
same as alkanes
combustion in alkenes?
same as crude oil
what is addition?
adding two halogen atoms and breaking the C=C
only one product
test for alkene or alkane?
add bromine water
alkane: stays orange
alkene: orange to colourless
