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alcohol Flashcards

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1
Q

structural formula of methanol

A

CH3OH

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2
Q

structural formula of ethanol

A

C2H5OH or CH3CH2OH

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3
Q

structural formula of propanol

A

C3H7OH or CH3CH2CH2OH

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4
Q

structural formula of butanol

A

C4H9OH or CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

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5
Q

how does hydration of ethene produce ethanol

A

ethene gas mixed with steam at 300 degrees
pressure of 65 atm
phosphoric acid used as a catalyst
makes pure ethanol

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6
Q

how does fermentation of glucose produce ethanol

A

yeast provides enzymes at 30 degrees-optimum temp
anaerobic respiration- prevents oxidation
glucose is fermented
produces impure ethanol

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7
Q

functional group of alcohols

A

-OH

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8
Q

What is molecular formula

A
  • just each element, once only.
  • Doesn’t show structure at all
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9
Q

what is displayed formula

A
  • every atom and every bond, all drawn out.
  • Perfectly shows structure, but takes a while to draw out
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10
Q

what is structural formula

A

between molecular and displayed- shows structure somewhat but without taking time to draw out (e.g Ethanol- CH3CH2OH)

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11
Q

advantages and disadvantages of hydration of ethene method

A

+pure ethanol
+can run continuously (not batches)
-conditions require lots of energy
-non-renewable raw material (ethene) used

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12
Q

advantages and disadvantages of fermentation method

A

+renewable raw material used (glucose)
+conditions not energy-intensive
-must be done in individual batches
-makes impure ethanol

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13
Q

3 ways ethanol can be oxidised

A
  • Combustion
  • Microbial oxidation
  • chemical oxidation
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14
Q

formula for combustion of ethanol

A

C2H5OH + 3O2 –> 2CO2 + 2H2O

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15
Q

formula for microbial oxidation of ethanol (making ethanoic acid)

A

C2H5OH + 2[O] –> CH3COOH + H2O

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16
Q

How to chemically oxidise ethanol

A
  • heat with a mixture of:
    potassium dichromate (IV) [K2Cr2O7] and dilute sulphuric acid [H2SO4]
17
Q

observations of chemical oxidisation of ethanol

A
  • orange dichromate (IV) ions turn into green chromium (III) ions
18
Q

uses of chemical oxidisation of ethanol

A
  • breathalysers
19
Q

example of microbial oxidation of ethanol

A
  • Wine being ‘corked’, turning into vinegar
20
Q

what happens when alcohols are oxidised

A

carboxylic acids are made

21
Q

why are alcohols flammable

A

they undergo complete combustion in air

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