organic voice disorders Flashcards
Each year about how many people miss a day of work for a voice problem?
28 million
What are the differences btwn organic and functional voice disorders?
organic: purely organic (cause), typically abnormal anatomy (tissue change)
Functional: may be wholly functional, may have organic factors, typically normal anatomy
functional: misuse (inadequate breath support, hard glottal attack, supraglottal squeeze) can lead to organic changes
what are the classifications/causes of organic voice disorders?
congenital
misuse/abuse
disease
trauma
what are the organic voice disorders? (14)
nodules polyps cysts papilloma granuloma contact ulcer sulcus vocalis congenital web hemorrhage laryngitis reinke's edema leukoplakia cancer
Vocal fold nodules are caused by?
misuse/abuse
what are vocal fold nodules?
benign masses on media vf surfaces
what are the signs and symptoms of vocal fold nodules?
hoarsness, rough voice, increased vocal fold effort, vocal fatigue/strain, loss of upper range, voice variability, vf. edema, hourglass closure, decreased vocal fold vibration, strong personality and hearing loss
what is a polyp?
a soft mass generally it is unilateral
are vocal fold polyps normally unilateral or bilateral?
unilateral
what causes vocal fold polyps?
misuse/abuse
what are the signs and symptoms of vf polyps?
hoarseness, rough voice, increased vocal effort, vocal fatigue/strain, breathing problems (depending on size), voice variability (especially if the polyp is pedunculated), vf edema (reactive swelling-swelling on the oppo side of the polyp), throat clearing
what are the three types of polyps?
fibrous, pedunculated, and hemmorhagic
if the polyp is fibrous what color should it be?
it should be cecil the color of the mucosa
if the polyp is hemorrhaged it should be what color?
red
you normally see v.fold nodules and polyps around the?
anterior 2/3 posterior 1/3 junction (where v.folds hit the most)
a pedunculated polyp is?
a foot like projection
What is a cyst?
a cyst is a benign opaque mass origination below Vf surface
what are the etiologies of a vf. cyst?
entrapment of the vf lining, plugged mucous-secreting gland, vocal misuse/abuse–> most common cause
what is the most common cause of a cyst
vf misuse/abuse
what are the signs/symptoms for a cyst?
hoarseness, rough voice, increased vf. effort, vocal fatigue/strain, vocal fold edema (reactive swelling) throat clearing
what is a cyst in the laryngeal cavity called?
laryngocele
ganglia cyst is?
same kind of cyst by it is on the vocal fold not inside
T or F a cyst is usually encapsulated so it can be removed with a surgery?
True
What is papilloma?
HPV wart-like benign growths of the larynx (papillomatosis)
what are the etiologies or papilloma?
can get it at birth, oral sex, unknown
what are signs and symptoms of papilloma?
hoarseness, rough/scratchy voice, cough/throat clear, globus sensation, breathing problems, decreased vocal fold vibration, scarring (recurrent)
There are more than _____ straigns of HPV that cause laryngeal papillomatosis.
60
Papilloma can grow anywhere in the larynx (T or F)
True
Granuloma is what?
a benign growth on vocal process
what are some causes or etiologies of granuloma?
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) intubation (surgery)
what things can cause LPR?
diet, lifestyle (smoking, eating too late or too much, exercising too soon, being overweight)
what are signs and symptoms of granuloma?
globus sensation, heartburn/indigestion (reflux), excessive throat clearing, post-nasal drip, breathing problems (depending on size) may be penduculated/ voice is usuall worse in the morning
if you have granuloma is your voice usually worse at night or in the morning/?
morning
What is a contact ulcer?
raw sores on the mucous membrane overlying vocal process of the arytenoid
what are etiologies of a contact ulcer?
misuse/abuse, LPR, smoking, intubation
what are some signs/symptoms of a contact ulcer?
hoarseness, globus sensation, mild pain when voicing or swallowing, throat clearing, erythema (redness)
what is sulcus vocalis?
it is the thinning or the absence of the superficial lamina propria layer (ditch in vfold)
what does sulus mean in latin?
cleft, furrow
what are the etiologies of sulcus vocalis
idiopathic they are not sure (developmental, genetic, post hemorrhage/cyst)
what are the signs/symptoms of sulcus vocalis?
may not have voice problems, harsh voice, hoarseness, higher pitch, abnormal vf vibration
Is sulcus vocalis seen in children?
no
What are the congenital organic voice disorders?
laryngomalacia
subglottal stenosis
esophageal atresia
trachoesophageal fistula
what is the congenital organic voice disorder of when the cartilage of the larynx failed to stiffen?
laryngomalacia
what are the signs/symtoms of laryngomalacia?
collapse of epiglottis into the air way, stridor
can you outgrow laryngomalacia?
Yes it might happen
what is the organic voice disorder that is caused by the narrowing of the sublottal space?
subglottal stenosis
what is subglottal stenosis
when the sublottal space narrows
what are the signs and symptoms of subglottal stenosis?
arrested development of the cricoid cartilage, can be caused by intubation trauma with babied when they are intubated right away
what do you call the disorder of the occlusion of the esophagus
esophageal atresia
what is a tracheoesophogeal fistula
it is an opening btwn the trachea and esophagus
what may tracheoesophageal fistula co-occur with?
esophageal puch
what wall of the trachea does this effect? what wall of the esophagus?
it is the back wall of the trachea the front wall of the esophagus
a web is a?
web of tissue across the larynx (usually anterior)
where does a web normally occur in the larynx?
usually occurs across the anterior commissure area
what are the etiologies for a laryngeal web?
congenital, post-surgical
what are the signs and symptoms of a laryngeal web?
may not have voice problems, usually no problems breathing
what is a good detterent of laryngeal webs?
mitomyocin C
how can a web be corrected?
by splitting it surgically
T or F a web happen after papilloma.
True
A hemorrhage of the vfolds can be caused by?
bleeding into the superficial lamina propria
what are etiologies of a hemorrhage of the vfolds?
misuse/abuse; medications (aspirin, Coumadin)
signs and symptoms of a vfold hemorrhage?
hoarseness, vf erythema (redness), vf edema, decreased vfold vibration, loss of pitch range, varix (varices-blood spots)
what is vascularity?
when you can see the varices / blood vessels
what do you call the inflammation of the vfolds?
laryngitis
what are the etiologies of laryngitis?
infection, LPR, allergies
what are some signs/symptoms of laryngitis
hoarseness, sore throat, cough, fever, vf edema, and erythema
how do you treat laryngitis
voice rest
What is another name for reinke’s edema?
polypoid corditis
what is Reinke’s edema?
sweeling of the entire superficial lamina propria (reinke’s layer) of the v. fold.
What is the only etiology for reinke’s edema?
smoking
what are the signs and symptoms of reinke’s edema?
gravelly voice, low pitch, vf edema, impaired breathing (sometimes might be increased v.fold vibration bc of all the fluid)
Leukoplakia is?
white patches/growths on the epithelium.
Is leukoplakia cancer or pre-cancerous?
pre-cancerous
what are the etiologies of leukoplakia?
smoking and chemical exposure
what are some signs and symptoms of leukoplakia?
hoarseness, decreased vfold vibration, vf edema
What 3 places can cancer of the larynx be?
glottis (larynx-v.folds), supraglottic (above the level of the v.folds/ventricular folds arytenoids), subglottic (rare-bellow the level of the v.folds)
what are some etiologies of cancer in the larynx?
smoking, heavy alcohol use, asbestos or chemical exposure
what are some signs and symptoms of laryngeal cancer?
PAIN, hoarseness, rough voice, strain, difficulty or pain when swallowing
If cancer invades the thyroarytenoid muscle will the v. fold move?
no
T or F cancer can cause the stiffening of the v.folds and make then immobile.
True
What can cause laryngeal trauma?
being hit in the neck, weight lifting, foreign bodies piercing through larynx
