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Voice test 1 a&p > organic voice disorders > Flashcards

organic voice disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Each year about how many people miss a day of work for a voice problem?

A

28 million

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2
Q

What are the differences btwn organic and functional voice disorders?

A

organic: purely organic (cause), typically abnormal anatomy (tissue change)
Functional: may be wholly functional, may have organic factors, typically normal anatomy

functional: misuse (inadequate breath support, hard glottal attack, supraglottal squeeze) can lead to organic changes

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3
Q

what are the classifications/causes of organic voice disorders?

A

congenital
misuse/abuse
disease
trauma

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4
Q

what are the organic voice disorders? (14)

A 
nodules
polyps
cysts
papilloma
granuloma
contact ulcer
sulcus vocalis
congenital
web
hemorrhage
laryngitis
reinke's edema
leukoplakia
cancer
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5
Q

Vocal fold nodules are caused by?

A

misuse/abuse

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6
Q

what are vocal fold nodules?

A

benign masses on media vf surfaces

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7
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of vocal fold nodules?

A

hoarsness, rough voice, increased vocal fold effort, vocal fatigue/strain, loss of upper range, voice variability, vf. edema, hourglass closure, decreased vocal fold vibration, strong personality and hearing loss

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8
Q

what is a polyp?

A

a soft mass generally it is unilateral

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9
Q

are vocal fold polyps normally unilateral or bilateral?

A

unilateral

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10
Q

what causes vocal fold polyps?

A

misuse/abuse

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11
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of vf polyps?

A

hoarseness, rough voice, increased vocal effort, vocal fatigue/strain, breathing problems (depending on size), voice variability (especially if the polyp is pedunculated), vf edema (reactive swelling-swelling on the oppo side of the polyp), throat clearing

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12
Q

what are the three types of polyps?

A

fibrous, pedunculated, and hemmorhagic

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13
Q

if the polyp is fibrous what color should it be?

A

it should be cecil the color of the mucosa

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14
Q

if the polyp is hemorrhaged it should be what color?

A

red

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15
Q

you normally see v.fold nodules and polyps around the?

A

anterior 2/3 posterior 1/3 junction (where v.folds hit the most)

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16
Q

a pedunculated polyp is?

A

a foot like projection

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17
Q

What is a cyst?

A

a cyst is a benign opaque mass origination below Vf surface

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18
Q

what are the etiologies of a vf. cyst?

A

entrapment of the vf lining, plugged mucous-secreting gland, vocal misuse/abuse–> most common cause

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19
Q

what is the most common cause of a cyst

A

vf misuse/abuse

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20
Q

what are the signs/symptoms for a cyst?

A

hoarseness, rough voice, increased vf. effort, vocal fatigue/strain, vocal fold edema (reactive swelling) throat clearing

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21
Q

what is a cyst in the laryngeal cavity called?

A

laryngocele

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22
Q

ganglia cyst is?

A

same kind of cyst by it is on the vocal fold not inside

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23
Q

T or F a cyst is usually encapsulated so it can be removed with a surgery?

A

True

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24
Q

What is papilloma?

A

HPV wart-like benign growths of the larynx (papillomatosis)

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25
Q

what are the etiologies or papilloma?

A

can get it at birth, oral sex, unknown

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26
Q

what are signs and symptoms of papilloma?

A

hoarseness, rough/scratchy voice, cough/throat clear, globus sensation, breathing problems, decreased vocal fold vibration, scarring (recurrent)

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27
Q

There are more than _____ straigns of HPV that cause laryngeal papillomatosis.

A

60

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28
Q

Papilloma can grow anywhere in the larynx (T or F)

A

True

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29
Q

Granuloma is what?

A

a benign growth on vocal process

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30
Q

what are some causes or etiologies of granuloma?

A 
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)
intubation (surgery)
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31
Q

what things can cause LPR?

A

diet, lifestyle (smoking, eating too late or too much, exercising too soon, being overweight)

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32
Q

what are signs and symptoms of granuloma?

A

globus sensation, heartburn/indigestion (reflux), excessive throat clearing, post-nasal drip, breathing problems (depending on size) may be penduculated/ voice is usuall worse in the morning

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33
Q

if you have granuloma is your voice usually worse at night or in the morning/?

A

morning

34
Q

What is a contact ulcer?

A

raw sores on the mucous membrane overlying vocal process of the arytenoid

35
Q

what are etiologies of a contact ulcer?

A

misuse/abuse, LPR, smoking, intubation

36
Q

what are some signs/symptoms of a contact ulcer?

A

hoarseness, globus sensation, mild pain when voicing or swallowing, throat clearing, erythema (redness)

37
Q

what is sulcus vocalis?

A

it is the thinning or the absence of the superficial lamina propria layer (ditch in vfold)

38
Q

what does sulus mean in latin?

A

cleft, furrow

39
Q

what are the etiologies of sulcus vocalis

A

idiopathic they are not sure (developmental, genetic, post hemorrhage/cyst)

40
Q

what are the signs/symptoms of sulcus vocalis?

A

may not have voice problems, harsh voice, hoarseness, higher pitch, abnormal vf vibration

41
Q

Is sulcus vocalis seen in children?

A

no

42
Q

What are the congenital organic voice disorders?

A

laryngomalacia
subglottal stenosis
esophageal atresia
trachoesophageal fistula

43
Q

what is the congenital organic voice disorder of when the cartilage of the larynx failed to stiffen?

A

laryngomalacia

44
Q

what are the signs/symtoms of laryngomalacia?

A

collapse of epiglottis into the air way, stridor

45
Q

can you outgrow laryngomalacia?

A

Yes it might happen

46
Q

what is the organic voice disorder that is caused by the narrowing of the sublottal space?

A

subglottal stenosis

47
Q

what is subglottal stenosis

A

when the sublottal space narrows

48
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of subglottal stenosis?

A

arrested development of the cricoid cartilage, can be caused by intubation trauma with babied when they are intubated right away

49
Q

what do you call the disorder of the occlusion of the esophagus

A

esophageal atresia

50
Q

what is a tracheoesophogeal fistula

A

it is an opening btwn the trachea and esophagus

51
Q

what may tracheoesophageal fistula co-occur with?

A

esophageal puch

52
Q

what wall of the trachea does this effect? what wall of the esophagus?

A

it is the back wall of the trachea the front wall of the esophagus

53
Q

a web is a?

A

web of tissue across the larynx (usually anterior)

54
Q

where does a web normally occur in the larynx?

A

usually occurs across the anterior commissure area

55
Q

what are the etiologies for a laryngeal web?

A

congenital, post-surgical

56
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of a laryngeal web?

A

may not have voice problems, usually no problems breathing

57
Q

what is a good detterent of laryngeal webs?

A

mitomyocin C

58
Q

how can a web be corrected?

A

by splitting it surgically

59
Q

T or F a web happen after papilloma.

A

True

60
Q

A hemorrhage of the vfolds can be caused by?

A

bleeding into the superficial lamina propria

61
Q

what are etiologies of a hemorrhage of the vfolds?

A

misuse/abuse; medications (aspirin, Coumadin)

62
Q

signs and symptoms of a vfold hemorrhage?

A

hoarseness, vf erythema (redness), vf edema, decreased vfold vibration, loss of pitch range, varix (varices-blood spots)

63
Q

what is vascularity?

A

when you can see the varices / blood vessels

64
Q

what do you call the inflammation of the vfolds?

A

laryngitis

65
Q

what are the etiologies of laryngitis?

A

infection, LPR, allergies

66
Q

what are some signs/symptoms of laryngitis

A

hoarseness, sore throat, cough, fever, vf edema, and erythema

67
Q

how do you treat laryngitis

A

voice rest

68
Q

What is another name for reinke’s edema?

A

polypoid corditis

69
Q

what is Reinke’s edema?

A

sweeling of the entire superficial lamina propria (reinke’s layer) of the v. fold.

70
Q

What is the only etiology for reinke’s edema?

A

smoking

71
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of reinke’s edema?

A

gravelly voice, low pitch, vf edema, impaired breathing (sometimes might be increased v.fold vibration bc of all the fluid)

72
Q

Leukoplakia is?

A

white patches/growths on the epithelium.

73
Q

Is leukoplakia cancer or pre-cancerous?

A

pre-cancerous

74
Q

what are the etiologies of leukoplakia?

A

smoking and chemical exposure

75
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of leukoplakia?

A

hoarseness, decreased vfold vibration, vf edema

76
Q

What 3 places can cancer of the larynx be?

A

glottis (larynx-v.folds), supraglottic (above the level of the v.folds/ventricular folds arytenoids), subglottic (rare-bellow the level of the v.folds)

77
Q

what are some etiologies of cancer in the larynx?

A

smoking, heavy alcohol use, asbestos or chemical exposure

78
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of laryngeal cancer?

A

PAIN, hoarseness, rough voice, strain, difficulty or pain when swallowing

79
Q

If cancer invades the thyroarytenoid muscle will the v. fold move?

A

no

80
Q

T or F cancer can cause the stiffening of the v.folds and make then immobile.

A

True

81
Q

What can cause laryngeal trauma?

A

being hit in the neck, weight lifting, foreign bodies piercing through larynx

Voice test 1 a&p (6 decks)

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