neurogenic voice disorders

Question 1

what is broca’s area responsible for?

Answer 1

voice response (preplanning)

Question 2

what is the insula responsible for?

Answer 2

motor planning for voice

Question 3

what provides motor control for the larynx

Answer 3

motor cortex, primary motor strip, midbrain, brainstem

Question 4

precentral gyrus is responsible for?

Answer 4

voice production

Question 5

Basal ganglia and the thalamus are responsible for?

Answer 5

sensory info for vocalizing

Question 6

temporal lobes (heschyl’s gyrus)

Answer 6

audition

Question 7

What are the cranial nerves of phonation/voice?

Answer 7

glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal

Question 8

the glossopharyngeal innervates

Answer 8

it innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle that elevates the alrynx

Question 9

the vagus innervates?

Answer 9

SLN/RLN: sensory and motor to laynx and motor to thorax

Question 10

The spinal accessory cranial nerve innervates?

Answer 10

neck accessory muscles (sternocleidomastoid) and the trapezius muscles) also the levator veli palatine and uvula

Question 11

The hypoglossal innervates?

Answer 11

it innervates the depression/elevation of the larynx via the tongue muscles also inn. the neck strap muscles

Question 12

SLN innervates?

Answer 12

sensory: internal branch the mucous membrane
motor: CT which controls pitch

Question 13

RLN: where do the R and L branches loop around?

Answer 13

Right branch: loops behind carotid and Right subclavian arteries
Left branch: loops around the aortic arch

Question 14

What is the motor innervation provided by the RLN?

Answer 14

motor to the TA of VF and the PCA (abductor) LCA (adductor) transverse arytenoids (Adduction), oblique arytenoids (adduction)

It innervates every intrinsic muscle of the larynx except the CT (SLN)

Question 15

What are some neurogenic etiologies that can cause voice problems?

Answer 15

congenital (Huntington’s), lesion/tumor/disease (dysarthiria’s, strokes, cancer) (ALS)
Trauma (TBI) (any neurological trauma)

Question 16

lower motor neuron damage can cause?

Answer 16

vf paralysis/paresis, Myosthenia gravis (MG), guilaine-Barre, Flaccid dysarthria

Question 17

Upper motor neuron damage can cause?

Answer 17

Spastic dys, hypo/hyperkinetic dys, ataxic

Question 18

what are some types of disorders that cause mixed dysarthria?

Answer 18

ALS, TBI Multiple sclerosis

Question 19

Myosthenia gravis normally happens in males or females?

Answer 19

females

Question 20

what is guillane-barre?

Answer 20

if you don’t treat can cause respiratory distress syndrome. they have high protein in CSF/blood..must take out the ptnts blood and put it back in.
It is acute and its a virus that attacks the immune system

Question 21

What is disorder that goes with or causes hypokinetic dysarthria

Answer 21

Parkinson’s disease

Question 22

Hyperkinetic dysarthria can be caused by what disorders?

Answer 22

spasmodic dysphonia, essential tremor (Huntington’s disease/chorea)

Question 23

Ataxic dysarthria is caused by damage to what?

Answer 23

cerebellum

Question 24

what is the most frequent type of mixed dysarthria?

Answer 24

spastic/flaccid

Question 25

what can LMN involvement cause?

Answer 25

flaccidity, weakness, reduced muscle contraction, reduced ROM (vf. paralysis)

Question 26

What are signs and symptoms of spastic dysarthria?

Answer 26

spasticity/hypertonicity, strain/strangle, short phonation time, monopitch (problems with CT)

Question 27

what are some signs of hypokinetic dysarthria?

Answer 27

rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movements), limited ROM (can really see this in their gate (shuffle)), resting tremor, akinesia (not moving)

Question 28

What are some signs of hyperkinetic dysarthria?

Answer 28

uncontrolled movements, strain strangled voice

Huntington’s

Question 29

What is ataxic dys and what are some symptoms/signs?

Answer 29

cerebellar lesion, prosodic slowdown, resonance changes, inarticulation, may sound intoxicated (balance and coordination issue)

Question 30

Mixed dysarthria:

Answer 30

usually spastic and flaccid
ALS: UMN and LMN involvement (can kill the muscles do not exercise speeds up the process)
death comes between 2-5 years of a diagnosis
progressive neurodegenerative dx
MS: myelin sheath degeneration
TBI: variable