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Organic synthesis conversions. Flashcards

1
Q

Alkane to Halogenoalkane?

A

Halogen
UV light
Free radical substitution.

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2
Q

Halogenoalkane to Alkene?

A

KOH (Ethanoic)
Warm reflux
Elimination

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3
Q

Alkene to Halogenoalkane?

A

Hydrogen halide or halogen
Room temp
Electrophilic addition

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4
Q

Halogenoalkane to Alcohol?

A

NaOH or KOH
Heated reflux
Nucleophilic substitution

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5
Q

Halogenoalkane to Nitrile?

A

KCN (ethanoic)
Heated reflux
Nucleophilic substitution

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6
Q

Halogenoalkane to Primary Amine?

A

NH3 (excess)
Ethanoic
Nucleophilic substitution

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7
Q

Halogenoalkane to Quaternary salt?

A

NH3 (not in excess)
Ethanoic
Nucleophilic substitution

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8
Q

Nitrile to Primary Amine?

A

LiAlH4
Dilute acid
Reduction

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9
Q

Alkene to Alcohol?

A

H2O + H2SO4 catalyst
Hot, steam
Electrophilic addition

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10
Q

Alcohol to Alkene?

A

conc. H2SO4
Heated reflux
Elimination

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11
Q

Primary Alcohol to Aldehyde?

A

K2Cr2O7
Heated and distillation
Oxidation

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12
Q

Secondary Alcohol to Ketone

A

K2Cr2O7
Heated relux
Oxidation

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13
Q

Aldehyde/ Ketone to Alcohol?

A

LiAlH4
Aqueous
Reduction

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14
Q

Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid?

A

K2Cr2O7
Heated reflux
Oxidation

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15
Q

Aldehyde/ Ketone to Hydroxynitrile?

A

KCN + H2SO4
Room temp
Nucleophilic addition

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16
Q

Primary alcohol to Carboxylic acid?

A

K2Cr2O7
Heated reflux
Oxidation

17
Q

Ester to Carboxylic acid?

A

Hydrolysis (NaOH or H2SO4)
Heated reflux
Hydrolysis.

18
Q

Carboxylic acid to Ester?

A

Alcohol + conc. H2SO4 catalyst
Heat
Esterification

19
Q

Acyl chloride/ Acid anhydride to Carboxylic acid?

A

H2O
Room temp
Addition-elimination

20
Q

Acyl chloride/ Acid anhydride to Ester?

A

Alcohol
Room temp
Addition-elimination

21
Q

Acyl chloride/ Acid anhydride to Primary Amide?

A

NH3
Room temp
Addition elimination

22
Q

Acyl chloride/ Acid anhydride to N-amine?

A

Amine
Room temp
Addition elimination

23
Q

Benzene to Nitrbenzene?

A

conc. H2SO4 + conc. HNO3
50 degrees
Electrophilic substitution

24
Q

Benzene to Phenylketone?

A

Acid anhydride + AlCl3
Heated reflux and anhydrous
Friedel-Crafts acylation

25
Q

Nitrobenzene to Phenylamine?

A

Tin + conc. HCl
Heated reflux
Reduction

Chemistry (26 decks)

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