11 - Introduction To Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is a mechanism?

Answer 1

The order in which bonds break and are made.

Question 2

What is homolytic bond fission?

Answer 2

When the covalent bonds break so each atom gets one electron from the shared pair, resulting in free radicals.

Question 3

What is heterolytic bond fission?

Answer 3

When the covalent bond breaks so the shared pair of electrons is taken by one of the atoms, resulting in ions whet one has a lone pair.
The more electronegative atom gets the electrons.

Question 4

State the roots based of the number of carbon atoms.

Answer 4

1-meth
2-eth
3-prop
4-but
5-pent
6-hex

Question 5

What is a functional group?

Answer 5

A small group of atoms that determine the chemistry of a molecule.

Question 6

What is the functional group alkanes?

Answer 6

CnH2n+2
Saturated

Question 7

What is the functional group alkenes?

Answer 7

R-CH=CH-R
Unsaturated

Question 8

What is the functional group halogenoalkanes?

Answer 8

R-X
Where X is a halogen

Question 9

What is the functional group alcohols?

Answer 9

R-OH

Question 10

What is the functional group aldehydes?

Answer 10

R-C=O
- H
Carbon bonded to H and double bonded to O

Question 11

What is the functional group ketones?

Answer 11

R-C-R
=O

Question 12

What is the functional group carboxylic acids?

Answer 12

R-C=O
-OH

Question 13

What is the homologous series?

Answer 13

A family of organic compounds with the same functional group, but different chain length.

Question 14

How does the carbon chain length affect the boiling point?

Answer 14

As the chain length increases the boiling point increases, as there is an increase in the vdw forces as the molecule becomes larger.

Question 15

How does the carbon chain length affect the solubility?

Answer 15

As the chain length increases the solubility decreases, as the compound becomes less polar.

Question 16

How does the carbon chain length affect the chemical properties?

Answer 16

Doesn’t affect them.

Question 17

How does branching affect boiling point?

Answer 17

Breaching decreases the melting point, as the surface area is decreased, decreasing the strength of the van der Waal’s forces and the molecules don’t pack together as well.

Question 18

What is positional isomerism?

Answer 18

Changing the position of a functional group.

Question 19

What is isomerism?

Answer 19

Same molecular formula with different structural formula.

Question 20

What is functional group isomerism?

Answer 20

Same molecular formula, different fuctional group.

Question 21

What is chain isomerism?

Answer 21

Rearranging the carbon chain by branching.

Question 22

What is stereoisomerism?

Answer 22

Same structural formula, different arrangement of bonds in space.
E - highest atomic number on opposite sides.
Z-highest atomic number on same side.