11 - Introduction To Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is a mechanism?
The order in which bonds break and are made.
What is homolytic bond fission?
When the covalent bonds break so each atom gets one electron from the shared pair, resulting in free radicals.
What is heterolytic bond fission?
When the covalent bond breaks so the shared pair of electrons is taken by one of the atoms, resulting in ions whet one has a lone pair.
The more electronegative atom gets the electrons.
State the roots based of the number of carbon atoms.
1-meth
2-eth
3-prop
4-but
5-pent
6-hex
What is a functional group?
A small group of atoms that determine the chemistry of a molecule.
What is the functional group alkanes?
CnH2n+2
Saturated
What is the functional group alkenes?
R-CH=CH-R
Unsaturated
What is the functional group halogenoalkanes?
R-X
Where X is a halogen
What is the functional group alcohols?
R-OH
What is the functional group aldehydes?
R-C=O
- H
Carbon bonded to H and double bonded to O
What is the functional group ketones?
R-C-R
=O
What is the functional group carboxylic acids?
R-C=O
-OH
What is the homologous series?
A family of organic compounds with the same functional group, but different chain length.
How does the carbon chain length affect the boiling point?
As the chain length increases the boiling point increases, as there is an increase in the vdw forces as the molecule becomes larger.
How does the carbon chain length affect the solubility?
As the chain length increases the solubility decreases, as the compound becomes less polar.
How does the carbon chain length affect the chemical properties?
Doesn’t affect them.
How does branching affect boiling point?
Breaching decreases the melting point, as the surface area is decreased, decreasing the strength of the van der Waal’s forces and the molecules don’t pack together as well.
What is positional isomerism?
Changing the position of a functional group.
What is isomerism?
Same molecular formula with different structural formula.
What is functional group isomerism?
Same molecular formula, different fuctional group.
What is chain isomerism?
Rearranging the carbon chain by branching.
What is stereoisomerism?
Same structural formula, different arrangement of bonds in space.
E - highest atomic number on opposite sides.
Z-highest atomic number on same side.
