Chemical tests. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the test for sulphates (SO4)?

A

HCl + BaCl2
Forms white precipitate (BaSO4)

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2
Q

What is the test for carbonates (CO3)?

A

Dilute HCl
Effervescence (CO2)

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3
Q

What is the test for OH- ions?

A

Turns damp red litmus paper blue.

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4
Q

What is the test for halide ions?

A

HNO3 + AgNO3
Nitric acid + Silver nitrate
Cl -> white ppt
Br -> cream ppt
l -> pale yellow ppt

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5
Q

How can you differentiate between AgX halides?

A

Cl -> dissolves in dilute ammonia (NH3)
Br -> dissolves in conc. ammonia (NH3)
l -> insoluble in conc ammonia (NH3)

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6
Q

What is the test for magnesium (Mg2+)?

A

NaOH
Forms white ppt (Mg(OH)2)

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7
Q

What is the test for calcium (Ca2+)

A

NaOH
Forms white ppt (Ca(OH)2)

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8
Q

How can you differentiate between Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2?

A

Mg is insoluble in ammonia (NH3)
Ca is slightly soluble in ammonia (NH3)

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9
Q

What is the test for Sr and Ba?

A

H2SO4
Forms white ppt (SrSO4) (BaSO4)

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10
Q

How to differentiate between SrSO4 and BaSO4?

A

BaSO4 is less soluble

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11
Q

What is the test for ammonia (NH4+)?

A

NaOH (warm)
Damp red litmus paper turns blue.

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12
Q

What is the test for Co2+?

A

Ammonia (NH3)
Pink solution turns blue

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13
Q

What is the test for copper (Cu2+)?

A

NaOH - pale blue ppt
NH3 - blue solution
Na2CO3 - green-blue ppt

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14
Q

What is the test for copper (Fe2+)?

A

NaOH - green ppt
NH3 - green ppt
Na2CO3 - green ppt

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15
Q

What is the test for copper (Fe3+)?

A

NaOH - orange-brown ppt
NH3 - orange-brown ppt
Na2CO3 - orange-brown ppt and effervescence

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16
Q

What is the test for copper (Al2+)?

A

NaOH - white ppt
NH3 - white ppt
Na2CO3 - white ppt and effervescence

17
Q

What colour flame does lithium produce?

18
Q

What colour flame does sodium produce?

19
Q

What colour flame does potassium produce?

20
Q

What colour flame does calcium produce?

A

Orange-red

21
Q

What colour flame does copper produce?

22
Q

What is the test for alkenes?

A

Decolourises bromine water.

23
Q

What is the test for primary and secondary alcohols?

A

Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
Orange solution turns green

24
Q

What is the test for tertiary alcohols?

A

Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
Orange solution no change.

25
What is the test for alcohols?
Metallic Na Produces effervescence (H2)
26
What is the test for aldehydes?
Fehling's solution (warm) - Blue solution to a brick-red ppt. Tollens' reagent (warm) - Silver ppt formed (silver mirror).
27
What is the test for carboxylic acids?
Add a carbonate CO2 released.
28
What is the test for oxygen gas?
Relights a glowing splint.
29
What is the test for hydrogen gas?
Lighted splint ignites with a squeaky pop.
30
What is the test for carbon dioxide gas?
Turns limewater cloudy (calcium carbonate ppt).
31
What is the test for chlorine gas?
Bleaches damp blue litmus paper.