Organic Synthesis

Question 1

Quickfit apparatus

Answer 1

Round bottom flask
Receiver
Screw tap adaptor
Condenser
Still head

Question 2

Heat under reflux apparatus

Answer 2

Round bottom flask
Condenser
Rubber tubing
Stand and clamp
Heat sources

Question 3

Antibumping crystals

Answer 3

Added to liquid before heated so contents will boil smoothly
If not used violently bubble and make glassware vibrate

Question 4

Set up of reflux

Answer 4

Add grease to ground glass joint place into the flask and rotate to ensure good seal
Condenser in upright position and carefully clamped
Condenser outer jacket flow of water water in bottom water out top

Question 5

Purpose of heating under reflux

Answer 5

Enables a liquid to be continually boiled whilst reaction takes place prevents components escaping in gas form
Vapour rises up tube and it meets the jacket of cold water where it condenses and drips down

Question 6

Distillation

Answer 6

Once reflux is complete the product in the flask requires distillation to remove biproducts

Question 7

Distillation apparatus

Answer 7

Round bottom flask
Condenser
Rubber tubing
Heat source
Clamp
Screw cap adaptor
Still head
thermometer

Question 8

Distillation set up

Answer 8

Clamp flask by neck still head connected to flask T shaped screw cap adaptor and condenser
Water in closest to receiver point (product)
Flask is heated vapour moves out of the flask into apparatus leaving less volatile in mixture

Question 9

Purifying organic products

Answer 9

Separate layers using separator funnel
Invert to mix contents allow layers to settle
Add water to see which aqueous
Open stopper until lower layer completely separated
If acid impurities add sodium carbonate

Question 10

Drying organic product

Answer 10

Add liquid to conical flask
Add drying agents to liquid and gently swirl
Place a stopper to prevent evaporation
Add drying agent until some solid is dispersed as a fine powder
Liquid should be clear after filtration