Amines, Amides And Polymers Flashcards
Amine act as bases
Accept proton dative covalent bond
Form NH3+
Formation of primary amine
Haloalkane + nh3 form ammonium salt NH3+Cl-
Addition of NaOH forms amine + Na salt + H2O
ethanol solvent to prevent substitution of haloalkane w H2O to produce alcohols
Excess ammonia used to reduce further substitution to form 2nd/3rd amines
Production of secondary amine
Haloalkane + primary amide-> salt chloride
+NaOH-> di- -amine + NaCl+ H2O
Tertiary alcohols formed by further reaction of secondary amine
Amino acid + alkali
Salt O- Na+ / H2O
Esterifiaction of amino acid with alcohol
Require conc H2SO4 - protonate NH2
form NH3+ and ester from its Carboxylic acid group
Form H2O
Classifying amines
Primary amine -NH2 bond to one other R group
Secondary amine -NH bond to 2 other R groups
Tertiary amine -N bond to 3 other R groups
Naming amines
Primary amine = -amine suffix
Secondary/tertiary= Di/Tri prefix ( number of alkyl groups attached)
When 2 or more different groups attached to nitrogen atoms N- -amine
Amine + acid
-NH3+Cl-
Zwitterions
No overall charge when the NH3+ and -COO- cancel each other out
Isoelectric point
pH at which the zwitterion is formed each amino acid has its own unique point
Amino acid added to a greater pH than isoelectric point
The AA behaves as an acid losing H+ on its -NH3+ group COO- still remains
Amino acid if added to a solution w lower pH than isoelectric point
Amino acid acts as a base COO- gains an H+ NH3+ still remains
Amides
Products of reaction between acyl chlorides with ammonia and amines
Carbon = O bonded to a nitrogen
- amide
Optical isomerism
Contain a chiral centre
Non superimposable and mirror images
Chiral centre
Carbon that is attached to 4 different groups of atoms or group of atoms
Chirality applies to any centre that holds attachments that are non superimposable
Labelled w astrix
