Organic Revision Flashcards
What makes a SN2 reaction?
Happens in one step
Nucleophile and electrophile both in rate determining step (Bimolecular)
There is a transition step
Strong nucleophile
What happens to nucleophilicity as you go down the periodic table? Eg, F to Cl, Cl to Br.
It increases
What happens to nucleophilicty as you go from left to right of the periodic table? Eg, NH2 to OH, OH to F
It decreases
What is steric hindrance?
When a nucleophile has big groups which make it harder to fit with the electrophile
Which SN reaction favours tertiary carbons ?
SN1
Which SN has a hypothetical transition state?
SN2
What SN is bimolecular?
SN2
What does unimolecular mean?
Only one species is present in the rate determining step
What is the difference between E and SN reactions?
E reactions eliminate the leaving group and cause a C=C bond to form.
SN reactions cause a substitute of species, one leaves and another replaces it
What is the Grignard reagent?
R-Mg-X
Magnesium bound to a halide and carbon chain
What does sodium borhydiride do?
Reduces aldehydes and Ketones
What does LiAlH4 do?
It’s a potent reducing agent, reduces most double bond O to alcohols
What is the function of SOCl2?
It turns a carboxylic acid into an acid chloride (swaps the OH in COOH for a Cl)
What is the function of potassium dichromate (or other similar reagents which have chromium)?
Potent oxidative agents, oxidises alcohols to Ketones and ketones to carboxylic acids
How do you calculate the double bond equivalent?
Count the rings and double bonds as 1
Count triple bonds as 2
Add them all up
