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AH Chemistry > organic reactions and reagents > Flashcards

organic reactions and reagents Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the reagent used to convert a monohaloalkane to an alcohol

A

aqueous potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide

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2
Q

what is the reagent used to convert a monohaloalkane to an ether

A

potassium methoxide in methanol (an alcoholic alkoxide)

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3
Q

what is the reagent used to convert a monohaloalkane to a nitrile

A

ethanolic potassium or sodium cyanide

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4
Q

what is the reagent used to convert a monohaloalkane to an alkene

A

heat under reflux with ethanolic potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide

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5
Q

what is the reagent used to convert an alkene to an alcohol

A

water

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6
Q

what is the catalyst used to convert an alkene to an alcohol

A

sulfuric acid

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7
Q

what is the reagent used to convert an aldehyde or ketone to an alcohol

A

lithium aluminium hydride

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8
Q

what is the reagent used to convert alcohols to alkoxides

A

reactive metals like sodium or potassium

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9
Q

what is the reagent used to convert alcohols to alkenes

A

aluminium oxide or concentrated sulfuric acid

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10
Q

what is the reagent used to convert alcohols to esters

A

carboxylic acid or acid chloride

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11
Q

what is the catalyst for convertin an alcohol to an ester

A

concentrated sulfuric acid

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12
Q

what is the reagent for converting an alkene to alkane

A

hydrogen

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13
Q

what is the catalyst for converting an alkene to an alkane

A

nickel or platinum

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14
Q

what is the reagent for converting an alkene to a haloalkane

A

a halogen

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15
Q

what is the reagent for converting an alkene to a monohaloalkane

A

hydrogen halides like HBr

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16
Q

what is the reagent for converting an alkene to an alcohol

A

water

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17
Q

what is the reagent for converting an amide to a carboxylic acid

A

aqueous acid

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18
Q

what is the catalyst for converting an amide to a carboxylic acid

A

aqueous alkali

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19
Q

what is the reagent for converting a carboxylic acid into an alkylammonium salt

A

amine

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20
Q

what is the reagent for converting an amine to a salt

A

mineral acid (HCl, etc)

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21
Q

what is the reagent for converting bezene into methyl benzene

A

methyl chloride

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22
Q

what is the reagent for converting benzene into chlorobenzene

A

iron chloride or chloride

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23
Q

what is the reagent for converting benzene into benzenesulfonic acid

A

concentrated sulfuric acid

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24
Q

what is the reagent for converting benzene into nitrobenzene

A

concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acids

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25
Q

what is the reagent used to convert an alcohol to a ketone

A

dilute sulfuric acid

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26
Q

what is the reagent used to convert a ketone to an alcohol

A

lithium aluminium hydride

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27
Q

what is used to convert an acid to an ester

A

alcohol and concentrated sulfuric acid

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28
Q

what is used to convert an ester to an acid

A

water

29
Q

what is used to convert an acid to a salt

A

sodium hydroxide

30
Q

what is used to convert a salt to an acid

A

hydrochloric acid

31
Q

what is used to convert an acid chloride to an ester

A

alchohol with concentrated sulfuric acid

32
Q

what is used to reduce an acid into an aldehyde

A

llithium aluminium hydride

33
Q

what is used to oxidise an aldehyde into an acid

A

dilute sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate

34
Q

what is used to reduce an aldehyde to a primary alchohol

A

lithium aluminium hydride

35
Q

what is used to oxidise a primary alcohol into an aldehyde

A

dilute sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate

36
Q

what is used to dehydrate primary alcohols into alkenes

A

concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated phosphoric acid

37
Q

what is used to hydrate alkenes into alcohols

A

water and concentrated sulfuric acid

38
Q

what is used to crack an alkane into an alkene

A

aluminium oxide with heat as a catalyst

39
Q

what is used to convert alkenes into alkanes

A

hydrogen with nickel as a catalyst

40
Q

how are alkanes converted into benzene

A

reforming

41
Q

what is the name of the conversion of alkanes into haloalkanes

A

radical substitution

42
Q

what is used to convert an alkane into a haloalkane

A

chlorine or bromine

43
Q

what is the name for the conversion of alkenes into dihaloalkanes

A

electrophilic addition with a transition state intermediate

44
Q

what is the name for the conversion of alkenes into haloalkanes

A

electrophilic addition with a carbocation intermediate

45
Q

what is used to convert alkenes into dihaloalkanes

A

chlorine or bromine

46
Q

what is used to convert alkenes into monohaloalkanes

A

hydrogen halids like hydrogen chloride

47
Q

what is used to convert haloalkanes into alkenes

A

alcoholic potassium hydroxide

48
Q

what is the name for the conversion of haloalkanes into alkenes

A

based induced elimination

49
Q

what is the name for the conversion of haloalkanes into ethers

A

nucleophilic substitution

50
Q

what is the name for the conversion of haloalkanes into amines

A

nucleophilic substitution

51
Q

what is the name for the conversion of haloalkanes into nitriles

A

nucleophilic substitution

52
Q

what is the name for the conversion of haloalkanes into alcohols

A

nucleophiic substitution

53
Q

what is the reagent used for converting haloalkanes into ethers

A

alchoholic alkoxides

54
Q

what is the reagent for converting haloalkanes into amines

A

concentrated ammonia

55
Q

what is the reagent for converting haloalkanes into nitriles

A

ethanolic potassium or sodium cyanide

56
Q

what is used to convert a nitrile into an amine

A

lithium aluminium hydride

57
Q

what is used to convert nitriles into acids

A

hydrolysis with dilute sodium hydroxide

58
Q

what is the reagent used to oxidise secondary alcohols into ketones

A

potassium dichromate and dilute sulfuric acid

59
Q

what is the reagent used to reduce ketones into secondary alcohols

A

lithium aluminium hydride

60
Q

what do you get through the nucleophilic addition of ketones or aldehydes

A

derivatives

61
Q

what is used to convert haloalkanes into alcohols

A

potassium or sodium hydroxide

62
Q

what is the name for the conversion of benzene into alkylbenzenes

A

alkylation

63
Q

what is the name for the conversion of benzene into nitrobenzene

A

nitration

64
Q

what is the name for the conversion of benzene into benzene sulphonic acid

A

sulphonation

65
Q

what is the name for the conversion of benzene into halobenzene

A

halogenation

66
Q

what is used to convert benzene into an alkylbenzene

A

aluminium chloride and the the alkyl group attached to a halogen

67
Q

what is used to convert benzene into nitrobenzene

A

nitronium ion

68
Q

what is used to convert benzene into benzene sulphonic acid

A

concentrated sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide

69
Q

what is used to convert benzene into halobenzene

A

the halogen and aluminium chloride or bromide

AH Chemistry (35 decks)

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